プロポフォール
Propofol
2,6-diisopropylphenol
別名: Rapinovet · Diprivan · PropoClear · Fresenius Propoven · Norofol · Procare · PropoFlo Plus · Propofol-Lipuro Vet · disoprofol · ICI-35868 · propofolum
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
監査済み v13 用量エビデンス
確認済み・計算対象外のエビデンス確認済み・計算対象外のエビデンス (16)
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Ball pythons/anesthetic induction for isoflurane maintenance, but prolonged recovery; mild, resolving cardiac lesions
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg intracardiac222. Species/Comments: Ball pythons/anesthetic induction for isoflurane maintenance, but prolonged recovery; mild, resolving cardiac lesions.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Chelonians/lower dosages (5–10 mg/kg IV295) may be used; 1 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance295
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 12–15 mg/kg IV68,318. Species/Comments: Chelonians/lower dosages (5–10 mg/kg IV295) may be used; 1 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance295.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
If administered in supravertebral sinus, be aware for potential submeningeal delivery;271 see ketamine for combination; anesthesia; rapid, smooth induction; may give 15–25 min anesthesia and restraint in most species; rapid, excitement-free recovery; must be administered IV (slowly; no inflammation if goes perivascularly); may be administered IO; dosages may be reduced by as much as 50% in premedi
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: —. Species/Comments: If administered in supravertebral sinus, be aware for potential submeningeal delivery;271 see ketamine for combination; anesthesia; rapid, smooth induction; may give 15–25 min anesthesia and restraint in most species; rapid, excitement-free recovery; must be administered IV (slowly; no inflammation if goes perivascularly); may be administered IO; dosages may be reduced by as much as 50% in premedicated (e.g., ketamine) animals; may cause apnea and bradycardia; intubation and assisted ventilation generally required; considered by many to be parenteral agent of choice for inducing anesthesia.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Red-eared sliders/60–120 min anesthesia
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 20 mg/kg IV (supravertebral sinus)350. Species/Comments: Red-eared sliders/60–120 min anesthesia.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Most species/maintenance anesthesia; must provide respiratory and thermal support
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 0.3–0.5 mg/kg/min IV, IO constant rate infusion, or 0.5–1 mg/kg IV, IO periodic bolus298. Species/Comments: Most species/maintenance anesthesia; must provide respiratory and thermal support.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Snakes
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 5–10 mg/kg IV, intracardiac9,288. Species/Comments: Snakes.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Red-eared sliders/40–85 min anesthesia
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg IV (supravertebral sinus)350. Species/Comments: Red-eared sliders/40–85 min anesthesia.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Lizards, snakes/0.25 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance;99 green iguanas/anesthetic induction242
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg IV, IO24,71,242. Species/Comments: Lizards, snakes/0.25 mg/kg/min may be given for maintenance;99 green iguanas/anesthetic induction242.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Snapping turtles/anesthetic induction
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 5 mg/kg IV106. Species/Comments: Snapping turtles/anesthetic induction.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Iguanas/higher dose is recommended for induction for short-duration procedures or intubation
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 5–10 mg/kg IV, IO24. Species/Comments: Iguanas/higher dose is recommended for induction for short-duration procedures or intubation.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Bearded dragons/effective for induction of anesthesia; respiratory depression noted; apnea in 2/8 animals
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10 mg/kg IV262. Species/Comments: Bearded dragons/effective for induction of anesthesia; respiratory depression noted; apnea in 2/8 animals.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Lizards (iguanas)/intubation and minor diagnostic procedures; may need to give an additional dose in 3–5 min; less cardiopulmonary depression than with higher doses
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 3–5 mg/kg IV, IO119,120. Species/Comments: Lizards (iguanas)/intubation and minor diagnostic procedures; may need to give an additional dose in 3–5 min; less cardiopulmonary depression than with higher doses.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Giant tortoises
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 2 mg/kg IV22. Species/Comments: Giant tortoises.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Chelonians/sedation (i.e., shell repair)
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 3–5 mg/kg IV supravertebral sinus81. Species/Comments: Chelonians/sedation (i.e., shell repair).
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
Crocodilians/duration, 0.5–1.5 hr; maintain on gas anesthetics; experimental IM with hyaluronidase
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 10–15 mg/kg IV187. Species/Comments: Crocodilians/duration, 0.5–1.5 hr; maintain on gas anesthetics; experimental IM with hyaluronidase.
エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）
South American rattlesnakes/anesthetic induction
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Propofol. Dosage: 15 mg/kg IV27. Species/Comments: South American rattlesnakes/anesthetic induction.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
プロポフォールは短時間作用型で高脂溶性の静脈内麻酔薬であり、獣医療において全身麻酔の導入および維持に広く使用されています。発現が早く、スムーズで迅速な回復が得られるため、外来での診断や小手術に特に有用です。
主な臨床的特徴:
- 迅速な発現と回復: 30〜60秒以内に麻酔を導入します。中枢神経系から他の組織への再分布により、回復は通常スムーズかつ迅速です。
- 臓器機能: 軽度から中等度の心疾患、または肝疾患や腎疾患を持つ動物にも安全に使用できます。
- 適応外使用: 難治性てんかん重積状態に対する持続静脈内投与（CRI）として頻繁に利用され、特にペントバルビタールが禁忌となる肝性脳症の症例で有用です。
- 猫に関する注意事項: 猫は犬のような強力なグルクロン酸抱合経路を持たないため、連日の使用や長時間の輸注により、回復の遅延、ハインツ小体性貧血、倦怠感を引き起こしやすくなります。
臨床のポイント: プロポフォールには鎮痛作用がありません。痛みを伴う処置には、適切な周術期鎮痛プロトコル（オピオイド、NSAIDs、局所麻酔ブロックなど）を併用する必要があります。
作用機序
While the monograph notes the mechanism is not well understood, modern pharmacological consensus indicates that propofol primarily acts as a positive allosteric modulator of inhibitory GABA_A receptors in the central nervous system.
- Mechanism: Propofol binds to GABA_A receptors → increases the inward conductance of chloride ions → hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic neuronal membrane → profound CNS depression and hypnosis.
- Cardiovascular & Respiratory: Causes dose-dependent direct myocardial depression, vasodilation (arterial hypotension), and significant respiratory depression (apnea is common with rapid boluses).
- Other Effects: Decreases intraocular pressure (IOP), possesses antiemetic properties, and at sub-anesthetic doses, can act as an appetite stimulant in dogs.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to propofol or any component of the product
- Patients where general anesthesia or sedation is strictly contraindicated
- Use of benzyl alcohol-preserved formulations for maintenance of anaesthesia via continuous rate infusion (CRI)
有害事象
- Transient respiratory depression and apnea (especially with rapid IV administration)
- Arterial hypotension and bradycardia
- Cyanosis (secondary to apnea)
- Seizure-like clinical signs during induction (paddling, opisthotonus, myoclonic twitching)
- Histamine release and rare anaphylactoid reactions
- Cats (with repeated/prolonged use): Heinz body anemia, slowed recovery, anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea
- Apnoea (especially with rapid injection)
- Severe hypotension
- Muscle rigidity and tremors (dogs)
- Paradoxical muscle movements (dogs)
- Heinz body anaemia (cats, with repeated daily use)
- Pain on IV injection
注意事項
Important Warnings:
- Respiratory Support: Propofol should only be used in facilities where intubation and artificial ventilation capabilities are immediately available.
- Administration Rate: Give slowly (e.g., 25% of calculated dose every 30 seconds) to minimize the risk of severe apnea and cyanosis.
- Patient Status: Use with extreme caution in patients in shock, under severe stress, or with severe trauma, hypoproteinemia, or hyperlipidemia.
- Feline Patients: Cats with preexisting liver disease may have prolonged recoveries. Repeated daily use or prolonged CRI in cats can cause oxidative RBC injury (Heinz body anemia).
- Handling (Macroemulsion): Contains no preservatives and is an excellent growth medium for bacteria. Handle with strict asepsis and discard unused portions within 6 hours.
医薬品相互作用
Propofol serum concentrations may be increased; propofol induction may require higher initial inhalant concentrations due to rapid recovery.
Propofol dosage requirements for sedation or hypnosis may be reduced.
Propofol-induced bradycardia may be exacerbated, particularly when opiate premedicants are used.
May decrease clearance of propofol and increase recovery times.
When used as a premed, may reduce propofol dosage requirements.
Increased sedative, anesthetic, and cardiorespiratory depression possible; propofol dose should generally be reduced by ~25%.
May potentially increase recovery times associated with propofol (especially significant in cats).
Increased risk for bradycardia.
Hypoxemia may occur when propofol is used after medetomidine; dosage adjustments and adequate monitoring required.
May reduce the propofol dose required for induction by 20-25%.
Synergistic effects; midazolam plasma concentrations may be increased up to 20%.
May increase the serum concentrations of both the opiate and propofol if used together; markedly reduces propofol induction requirements.
Synergistic CNS depression; significantly reduces the dose of propofol required for induction and maintenance
Synergistic CNS depression; reduces propofol dose requirements
監視
- Level of anesthesia/CNS effects
- Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (monitor for apnea/cyanosis)
- Cardiovascular status (cardiac rate/rhythm, blood pressure, pulse oximetry)
- Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (capnography recommended)
- Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
- Oxygen saturation (SpO2)
- Depth of anaesthesia
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier after IV administration. Onset of action is usually within one minute.
分布
Highly bound to plasma proteins (95-99%). Highly lipophilic. Crosses the placenta and enters maternal milk. Steady state volume of distribution in dogs is >3 L/kg. Short duration of action (2-5 minutes) is principally due to rapid redistribution from the CNS to other tissues.
代謝
Rapidly biotransformed in the liver via glucuronide conjugation to inactive metabolites. Cats do not glucuronidate as well as dogs, leading to potential toxicity with consecutive day administration.
消失
Inactive metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidneys. Clearance in dogs is about 50 mL/kg/min.
過剰投与
Overdosages are likely to cause significant respiratory depression (apnea) and potentially severe cardiovascular depression (hypotension, bradycardia).
Treatment:
- Immediately discontinue propofol administration.
- Establish an airway and provide artificial ventilation with 100% oxygen.
- Administer symptomatic and supportive treatment for cardiovascular depression (e.g., intravenous fluid therapy, vasopressors, anticholinergics like atropine or glycopyrrolate).
製品
製剤
- Macroemulsion injection (10 mg/mL)
- Microemulsion injection (10 mg/mL)
- Injectable: 10 mg/ml solution (lipid emulsion without preservative)
- Injectable: 10 mg/ml solution (lipid emulsion with benzyl alcohol preservative)
動物用医薬品
- Propofol Injectable (macroemulsion): 10 mg/mL in 5 mL and 20 mL vials (Rapinovet, PropoFlo)
- Propofol Injectable (microemulsion): 10 mg/mL in 20 mL, 50 mL and 100 mL multi-dose vials (PropoClear)
- Norofol 10 mg/ml
- Procare 10 mg/ml
- PropoFlo Plus 10 mg/ml
- PropoFol 10 mg/ml
- Propofol-Lipuro Vet 10 mg/ml
- Rapinovet 10 mg/ml
ヒト用医薬品
- Propofol Injectable Emulsion: 10 mg/mL in 20 mL amps & vials, 50 mL & 100 mL vials, infusion vials, and prefilled syringes (Diprivan, Propoven)
- Diprivan 10 mg/ml
- Propofol 10 mg/ml
- Propofol 20 mg/ml
規制ステータス
POM-V classification.
POM-V classification.
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Macroemulsion: Store below 22°C (72°F), but not below 4°C (40°F). Do not refrigerate or freeze. Protect from light. Shake well. Discard unused portion after 6 hours. Microemulsion: Store at controlled room temperature, protected from light. Do not store above 30°C or refrigerate. Discard unused portions 28 days after first use.
飼主向け情報
プロポフォールは、手術や小処置の際にペットを眠らせるために獣医師が注射で投与する速効性の麻酔薬です。
- 速効性: 非常に早く（通常1分以内）効果が現れ、処置が終わると速やかに効果が切れるため、スムーズで素早い目覚めが可能です。
- 安全性: 軽度の心臓、肝臓、腎臓の病気を持つペットに対しても、一般的に非常に安全です。ペットが眠っている間、獣医療チームが呼吸や心拍数を注意深く監視します。
- 痛み止めではありません: プロポフォールはペットを眠らせますが、痛みを抑える効果はありません。ペットが快適で痛みを感じないように、獣医師は他の薬を併用します。
- 猫について: 猫が数日間にわたって繰り返し麻酔を必要とする場合、猫は犬よりもプロポフォールの代謝が遅いため、獣医師は別の薬を選択することがあります。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。