サイリウム
サイリウムは膨張性下剤であり、主に馬の砂疝の治療と予防、および便秘の緩下剤として使用されます。また、慢性の水様性下痢の患者において便の硬さを増すためにも使用されます。 **臨床のポイント**：水溶性食物繊維であり、腸内で水分を吸収して膨張し、蠕動運動を促進します。下痢の際の便の硬さを改善しますが、便中の総水分量は変化しません。
作用機序: Psyllium acts primarily through mechanical and physical mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract: * **Water Absorption:** The hemicellulose mucilage absorbs water in the intestinal lumen and swells. * **Peristalsis Induction:** The increased bulk distends the intestinal wall → stimulates stretch receptors → **induces peristalsis** and decreases overall intestinal transit time. * **Sand Clearance (Horses):** The mucilaginous gel formed by psyllium helps collect and bind sand, lubricating its passage through the GI tract for elimination.
動物種別の用量
- Chronic constipation · 1-4 teaspoonsful per meal added to canned cat food · PO · per meal · Be sure cat is properly hydrated
- Adjunctive treatment of feline megacolon · 1-4 teaspoonsful mixed with food · PO · q12-24h
- Sand colic · 1 gram/kg · PO / NG tube · q12h · Mix approx 1 lb powder with water and administer immediately via NG tube. If giving orally to foals, give small amounts to prevent esophageal obstruction. Pelleted form is more palatable.
- Sand colic · 0.5 kg mixed with 1 liter of mash · PO · q12h · Given with 2 liters of mineral oil via NG tube once daily
- Sand impactions · 8 ounces in water · NG tube · q24h
- Trial to treat chronic idiopathic large bowel diarrhea · 2 tablespoonsful (1.33 grams/kg/day; range: 0.32-4.9 grams/kg/day) per day added to a highly digestible diet · PO · q24h · Using Metamucil
- To increase fiber in dogs with chronic colitis · 1-2 tablespoonsful (15-30 mL) per 25 kg body weight · PO · q24h · Add to animal's regular diet
- Predominantly large bowel diarrhea (therapeutic trial) · 0.5 tablespoon for toy breeds, 1 tablespoon for small dogs, 2 tablespoons for medium dogs, and 3 tablespoons for large dogs · PO · q24h · 5-10 days · Given alongside metronidazole 20-25 mg/kg PO twice daily
- Dogs prone to constipation · 2% psyllium added as part of diet · PO · q24h · 80% of studied dogs had easier defecation process
- Adjunct (source of soluble fiber) for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy · 1-3 teaspoons per day as a dietary supplement · PO · q24h
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Rabbits (may damage intestinal mucosa and cause blockage)
- Fecal impaction (no feces being passed)
- Intestinal obstruction
- Conditions where prompt intestinal evacuation is required
有害事象
- Flatulence
- Esophageal obstruction (if administered with insufficient liquid)
- Bowel obstruction (if administered with insufficient liquid)
薬物相互作用
- Aspirin (and other salicylates) · Potential exists for psyllium to bind and reduce absorption if given at the same time; separate doses by 3 hours or more.
- Digoxin · Potential exists for psyllium to bind and reduce absorption if given at the same time; separate doses by 3 hours or more.
- Nitrofurantoin · Potential exists for psyllium to bind and reduce absorption if given at the same time; separate doses by 3 hours or more.
モニタリング
- Stool consistency
- Defecation frequency
- Hydration status
過量投与
If administered with sufficient liquid, psyllium overdose should cause only an increased amount of soft or loose stools. If administered without sufficient liquid, risk of severe esophageal or intestinal obstruction increases.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。