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レミフェンタニル

Remifentanil

Remifentanil hydrochloride

別名: Ultiva · Remicit · GI-87084B · remifentanilo · rémifentanil · remifentanili

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

4 micrograms/kg bolus IV, followed by 6-20 micrograms/kg/hr CRI.IV· CRI

これは持続点滴(CRI)の速度依存用量です。単純な体重換算ではなく、注入速度を計算してください。

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Analgesic adjunct to general anesthesia4 micrograms/kg bolus IV, followed by 6-20 micrograms/kg/hr CRI.IVCRI🌎 NA
Analgesic adjunct to general anesthesia1 microgram/kg IV loading dose slowly over 2-3 minutes, followed by a 0.1-0.2 microgram/kg/minute CRI.IVCRI🌎 NA
  • Analgesic adjunct to general anesthesia: Do not confuse mcg/kg/hr with mcg/kg/min.
  • Analgesic adjunct to general anesthesia: Do not confuse mcg/kg/hr with mcg/kg/min.

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Analgesic adjunct to general anesthesia0.2 micrograms/kg/minute (for OHE) to 0.3 micrograms/kg/minute (to reduce stimulus-induced movement)IVCRI🌎 NA
  • Analgesic adjunct to general anesthesia: In propofol-anesthetized (0.3 mcg/kg/min) cats.

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか?VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

​レミフェンタニル​は、フェンタニルに構造が類似した強力かつ超短時間作用型の合成​μ-オピオイド作動薬​です。獣医療においては、主に全身麻酔時の鎮痛補助薬として、特に全静脈麻酔(TIVA)プロトコルで利用されます。

主な薬理学的特徴:

  • ​臓器非依存性代謝​:肝代謝や腎排泄に依存する他の多くのオピオイドとは異なり、血漿、赤血球、組織中の非特異的エステラーゼによって急速に分解されます。そのため、重度の肝機能または腎機能障害を持つ患者に対しても非常に安全です。
  • ​急速な作用消失​:作用時間が極めて短いため、持続点滴の期間に関わらず、迅速かつ予測可能な覚醒が得られ、他のオピオイドで見られるような長時間の鎮静を最小限に抑えます。
  • ​天井効果​:麻酔補助薬として使用される他のオピオイドと同様に、用量を増やしても鎮痛効果は増強されず、副作用のリスクのみが高まる天井効果を示します。

​臨床上のポイント​:点滴を中止すると術後の残存鎮痛効果が全く得られないため、急性覚醒時せん妄や疼痛を防ぐために、レミフェンタニルの投与終了前に長時間作用型の鎮痛薬(NSAIDs、ブプレルノルフィン、局所神経ブロックなど)を投与することが不可欠です。

作用機序

Remifentanil acts as a selective agonist at mu-opioid receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) located primarily in the pain-regulating areas of the central nervous system (limbic system, spinal cord, thalamus, midbrain).

Mechanism Pathway: Remifentanil binds to mu-receptors → inhibits adenylate cyclase → decreases intracellular cAMP → promotes opening of potassium channels and inhibits voltage-gated calcium channels → hyperpolarization of nociceptive neurons → suppression of substance P release and profound analgesia.

Metabolism: It is rapidly metabolized via hydrolysis of its propanoic acid-methyl ester linkage by nonspecific blood and tissue esterases (not plasma pseudocholinesterase). The principal carboxylic acid metabolite (GR90291) is virtually inactive (4000 times less potent in dogs).

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Hypersensitivity to remifentanil or other fentanyl analogs
  • Epidural or intrathecal administration (contraindicated due to the presence of glycine in the formulation)

有害事象

  • Respiratory depression
  • Apnea
  • Bradyarrhythmias
  • Hypotension
  • Hyperthermia (noted in cats)
  • Anaphylaxis (rare)

注意事項

Because of the high risk of significant respiratory depression (including apnea) and bradycardia, remifentanil must ONLY be administered in a closely monitored anesthesia care setting with intubation and mechanical ventilation capabilities.

  • Administration: Continuous infusions should strictly be administered via a calibrated syringe pump or infusion device.
  • Obesity: In morbidly obese patients, the dosage should be calculated based on ideal body weight rather than actual body weight.
  • Pregnancy: Weigh potential risks versus benefits. FDA Category C for humans. No teratogenic effects observed in limited animal studies, but fetal respiratory depression is possible.

医薬品相互作用

CNS Depressants (e.g., propofol, isoflurane, thiopental)

Additive CNS and respiratory depression; remifentanil significantly reduces MAC and induction agent requirements.

Diuretics

Opiates may decrease diuretic efficacy in patients with congestive heart failure.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (e.g., amitraz, selegiline)

Severe and unpredictable opiate potentiation may occur; use is generally not recommended if an MAOI has been used within 14 days.

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Remifentanil may enhance neuromuscular blockade.

Nitrous Oxide

High doses of remifentanil combined with nitrous oxide may cause cardiovascular depression.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (e.g., clomipramine, amitriptyline)

May exacerbate the effects of tricyclic antidepressants.

Warfarin

Opiates may potentiate anticoagulant activity.

監視

  • Cardiac rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Respiratory rate and depth / Capnography (ETCO2)
  • Pulse oximetry (SpO2) or arterial blood gas
  • Blood pressure (direct or indirect)
  • Body temperature (especially in cats)

薬物動態

半減期

17.4 minutes6 minutes

吸収

Rapid onset of analgesic action and peak effect (1-3 minutes) following IV administration.

分布

Rapidly distributed into the CNS. In dogs, the blood-brain equilibration half-life is 2.3-5.2 minutes. In cats, it has a moderately high volume of distribution (7.6 L/kg in conscious cats, decreasing to 1.65 L/kg under isoflurane anesthesia).

代謝

Rapidly metabolized by hydrolysis of the propanoic acid-methyl ester linkage by nonspecific blood and tissue esterases. It is not appreciably metabolized by the liver or by plasma cholinesterase (pseudocholinesterase).

消失

High clearance rate (766 mL/min/kg in cats). The principal carboxylic acid metabolite is virtually inactive and excreted.

過剰投与

Overdosage manifests as an enhancement of the drug's pharmacological effects.

Clinical Signs:

  • Apnea and severe respiratory depression
  • Chest-wall rigidity
  • Hypoxemia
  • Hypotension and severe bradycardia
  • Seizures

Treatment:

  1. ​Discontinue drug administration immediately.​
  2. Provide supportive therapy, primarily mechanical ventilation and oxygen administration. Because the drug is cleared so rapidly by tissue esterases, this is often the only intervention required.
  3. Administer IV fluids, and use glycopyrrolate or atropine to manage bradycardia or hypotension.
  4. Naloxone may be used to reverse mu-opioid activity, but caution is advised as it can lead to acute pain and sympathetic hyperactivity.

製品

製剤

  • Powder for injection (reconstitution)

ヒト用医薬品

  • Remifentanil HCl Powder for reconstitution (IV use only): 1 mg (3 mL vial), 2 mg (5 mL vial), 5 mg (10 mL vial) as Ultiva® or generic equivalents. (Rx, C-II controlled substance)

規制ステータス

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Prior to reconstitution, store lyophilized powder between 2°-25°C (36°-77°F). To reconstitute, add 1 mL of diluent per mg of drug (yields ~1 mg/mL), then further dilute to 20-250 mcg/mL before administration. Stable for 24 hours at room temperature after dilution with sterile water, D5W, 0.9% NaCl, or 0.45% NaCl. Stable for 4 hours at room temperature when diluted with Lactated Ringer's Solution (LRS), though UK labeling advises against mixing with LRS.

飼主向け情報

​レミフェンタニル​は、動物病院の手術環境でのみ使用される、高度で強力な鎮痛薬および麻酔補助薬です。

  • ​使用目的​:手術中に深い鎮痛効果をもたらし、獣医師が他の麻酔ガスや薬剤の投与量を減らすことを可能にします。
  • ​即効性と短い作用時間​:最大の特徴は、体内から消失する速さです。点滴を止めると、数分で薬の効果が切れます。これにより、ペットは麻酔からより早く、スムーズに目覚めることができます。
  • ​臓器への安全性​:肝臓や腎臓ではなく、血液や組織中の酵素によって分解されるため、肝臓や腎臓に持病のあるペットにも非常に安全です。
  • ​術後の痛みの管理​:レミフェンタニルの効果はすぐに切れてしまうため、獣医師はペットが目覚める前に長時間作用する鎮痛薬を投与し、術後も快適に過ごせるようにします。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。