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セボフルラン

Sevoflurane

Fluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether (Isopropyl ether derivative)

吸入麻酔薬InhalationInhalational犬猫小型哺乳類フェレット馬豚羊

別名: SevoFlo · Ultane · Petrem · Sojourn · Sevocris · Sevorane · Sevotek · BAX-3084 · MR-654 · Sevofluranum · Fluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

監査済み v13 用量エビデンス

確認済み・計算対象外のエビデンス
確認済み・計算対象外のエビデンス (1)

エビデンス表示のみ（自動計算対象外）

Most species/anesthesia; rapid induction and recovery when intubated

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Sevoflurane. Dosage: To effect15,279. Species/Comments: Most species/anesthesia; rapid induction and recovery when intubated.

高リスク認証済み獣医師の確認が必要drug_regimenプロトコル 2019監査 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

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概要

​セボフルラン​は、獣医療において全身麻酔の導入および維持に広く使用される揮発性の高いハロゲン化吸入麻酔薬です。

主な薬理学的特徴は以下の通りです：

  • ​低い血液/ガス分配係数 (0.6)​：これにより肺胞と動脈間の平衡が極めて迅速に行われ、イソフルランやハロタンと比較して導入および覚醒時間が大幅に短縮されます。
  • ​刺激臭がない​：イソフルランとは異なり気道への刺激がないため、エキゾチックアニマル、興奮しやすい猫、小児患者における​マスクまたはチャンバー導入​の第一選択薬となります。
  • ​血行動態の安定性​：イソフルランよりも重度な低血圧を引き起こしにくいため、衰弱した患者や高齢の患者に特に有用です。

​臨床上のポイント​：セボフルランは麻酔深度が非常に急速に変化するため、維持中の予期せぬ麻酔過量投与を防ぐために厳重なモニタリングが必要です。

作用機序

The precise mechanism of inhalant anesthetics remains incompletely elucidated, but they primarily act by disrupting synaptic transmission within the central nervous system.

  • Lipid Matrix Interaction → Alters the function of neuronal membrane proteins.
  • GABA_A Receptors → Potentiates inhibitory neurotransmission, leading to profound CNS depression.
  • NMDA Receptors → Antagonizes excitatory glutamatergic signaling.
  • Glycine Receptors → Enhances inhibitory signaling in the spinal cord, contributing to skeletal muscle relaxation.

Due to its low solubility in blood, minimal amounts of sevoflurane need to dissolve before alveolar partial pressures equilibrate with arterial partial pressures, driving its rapid onset and offset of action.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Patients with a history or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia
  • Known hypersensitivity to sevoflurane or other halogenated anaesthetics
  • Known or suspected susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia

有害事象

  • Dose-dependent hypotension
  • Dose-dependent respiratory depression
  • Gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, ileus)
  • Myocardial depression and bradycardia (less than halothane)
  • Malignant hyperthermia (rare but life-threatening)
  • Temporary decreases in erythrocyte, white cell counts, and total protein in ferrets
  • Agitation or excitement during rapid recovery
  • Neonatal depression (crosses the placental barrier)

注意事項

WARNING: Compound A Formation Sevoflurane can react with desiccated (dried out) carbon dioxide absorbents to produce 'Compound A', a known nephrotoxin. Always ensure CO2 absorbents are fresh and avoid using extremely low oxygen flow rates (< 500 mL/min).

  • Rapid Action: Because of its rapid onset, use extreme caution not to overdose during the induction phase.
  • Rapid Recovery: Animals (especially large animals like horses) may wake up abruptly. Appropriate sedation during the recovery phase is critical to prevent injury.
  • Neurologic/Renal Disease: Use with caution in patients with increased CSF pressure, head injury, or renal insufficiency.
  • Species Specifics:
    • Rabbits: Can cause breath holding and struggling; premedication and close observation are required.
    • Guinea Pigs: May have a low margin of safety.
  • Geriatric Patients: May require lower concentrations of inhalation anesthetic.

医薬品相互作用

Aminoglycosides, Lincosamides

May enhance neuromuscular blockade

Barbiturates (phenobarbital, pentobarbital)

May increase concentrations of inorganic fluoride

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (atracurium, pancuronium, vecuronium)

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur

Isoniazid

May increase concentrations of inorganic fluoride

Midazolam

May potentiate sevoflurane effects; decrease MAC

Opiates

May potentiate sevoflurane effects; decrease MAC

St. John's Wort

Increased risk for anesthetic complications; recommend discontinuing 5 days in advance of surgery

Succinylcholine

Sevoflurane may enhance effects

Sympathomimetics (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, ephedrine)

Sensitizes the myocardium to sympathomimetics (less than halothane); arrhythmias may still result

Tramadol

May decrease MAC requirements

Verapamil

May cause cardiodepression

Sedatives (e.g., alpha-2 agonists, phenothiazines)Major

Reduces the concentration of sevoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction).

Opioid agonistsMajor

Reduces the dose requirement of sevoflurane.

Nitrous oxideModerate

Reduces the concentration of sevoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia.

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agentsModerate

Sevoflurane potentiates the duration of action of these agents (greater potentiation compared with halothane).

監視

  • Respiratory rate, rhythm, and ventilatory status (capnography recommended)
  • Cardiac rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Blood pressure (especially in 'at risk' or geriatric patients)
  • Level of anesthetic depth (jaw tone, palpebral reflex, eye position)
  • Body temperature (monitor for hypothermia or sudden spikes indicating malignant hyperthermia)
  • Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (Capnography/ETCO2 highly recommended)
  • Arterial blood pressure (hypotension is dose-dependent)
  • Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Anaesthetic depth (jaw tone, palpebral reflex, eye position)
  • Pulse oximetry (SpO2)

薬物動態

半減期

猫Rapid clearance (minutes)馬Rapid clearance (minutes)犬Rapid clearance (minutes)

吸収

Rapidly absorbed across the alveolar membrane due to a very low blood:gas partition coefficient (0.6).

分布

Rapidly distributes to the CNS and other highly perfused tissues. Plasma protein binding percentage is unknown.

代謝

Approximately 3% is metabolized in the liver via the cytochrome P450 2E1 isoenzyme system, producing inorganic fluoride.

消失

The vast majority is excreted rapidly and unchanged via the lungs.

過剰投与

In the event of an overdosage, immediately discontinue sevoflurane administration.

  • Maintain a patent airway.
  • Flush the breathing circuit with 100% oxygen.
  • Support respiratory function with positive pressure ventilation if necessary.
  • Support cardiac function and treat severe hypotension with IV fluids and sympathomimetics as clinically indicated.

製品

製剤

  • Inhalant liquid for vaporization (250 mL bottles)
  • Inhalational liquid (250 ml bottle)

動物用医薬品

  • Sevoflurane in 250 mL bottles: SevoFlo (Halocarbon Prod.)
  • Petrem (Minrad)
  • SevoFlo 250 ml liquid for inhalation
  • Sevotek 250 ml liquid for inhalation

ヒト用医薬品

  • Sevoflurane in 250 mL bottles: Ultane (Abbott)
  • Sojourn (Minrad)
  • Sevoflurane 100% liquid for inhalation

規制ステータス

European Union✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V classification.

United Kingdom✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V classification.

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store at room temperature. Sevoflurane does not react with metal and contains no stabilizers.

飼主向け情報

​セボフルラン​は、手術や診断処置の際に獣医師が使用する専門的な麻酔ガスです。

  • ​即効性​：ペットが非常に早く、スムーズに眠りにつくことができるため、ストレスを感じやすいペットや保定が難しいペットに特に役立ちます。
  • ​迅速な覚醒​：ガスを止めると体から素早く排出されるため、古い麻酔薬を使用した場合よりもずっと早く目を覚まし、立ち上がり、意識がはっきりします。
  • ​高い安全性​：一般的に非常に安全であり、心血管系への負担が少ないため、高齢のペット、非常に若いペット、またはエキゾチックアニマルの麻酔薬としてよく選ばれます。
  • ​麻酔後の注意​：帰宅後も短時間、少しぼんやりしたり、ふらついたりすることがあります。完全に元に戻るまでは、安全で静かく、暖かい環境で休ませてあげてください。

VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。