塩化ナトリウム
Sodium chloride
別名: Aqupharm · Vetivex · Normal Saline · NaCl
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis) | Dose not specified in monograph | IV | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) | Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min | IV | As directed | Preoperative period or acute crisis | 🌍 EU |
| Corneal oedema | Dose not specified in monograph | Topical | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management) | Dose not specified in monograph | PO | As directed | Long-term | 🌍 EU |
- Intravenous fluid replacement (including hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis): Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion): Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema: Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
- Hypoadrenocorticism (long-term management): Enteric-coated products may have unpredictable efficacy in dogs.
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intravenous fluid replacement | Dose not specified in monograph | IV | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
| Shock (rapid blood volume expansion) | Rate must not exceed 1 ml/kg/min | IV | As directed | Preoperative period or acute crisis | 🌍 EU |
| Corneal oedema | Dose not specified in monograph | Topical | As directed | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Intravenous fluid replacement: Treatment of choice for hypercalcaemia or hyperchloraemic alkalosis.
- Shock (rapid blood volume expansion): Use hypertonic saline. Must monitor serum sodium and follow with isotonic crystalloid.
- Corneal oedema: Use 5% hypertonic ophthalmic ointment.
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
塩化ナトリウムは、獣医療において水分補給、電解質バランスの調整、および薬物の希釈剤として使用される基本的な晶質液です。低張、等張（生理食塩水）、および高張の製剤があります。
臨床のポイント： 高張食塩水はショック時の強力な血漿増量剤ですが、血清ナトリウム濃度の慎重なモニタリングと、その後の等張液の投与が必要です。
作用機序
Isotonic and hypertonic formulations expand plasma volume and replace lost extracellular fluid. Hypotonic formulations provide free water and may promote oedema formation.
When used for fluid replacement, NaCl (0.45% and 0.9%) will expand the plasma volume compartment. → Compared with colloids, 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given because the crystalloid is distributed to other fluid compartments.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Dehydrated animals (Hypertonic saline)
- Hypovolaemic animals (Hypotonic solutions)
有害事象
- Peripheral oedema
- Hyperchloraemic acidosis (especially in compromised patients)
- Vagally mediated bradycardia (if hypertonic saline is administered >1 ml/kg/min)
- Stinging sensation (ophthalmic ointment)
注意事項
Warning: Hypertonic saline solutions have very high sodium concentrations. Monitor serum sodium concentrations before and after administration. Maintenance with an isotonic crystalloid is usually required after administration to correct electrolyte and fluid disturbances.
Safety and handling: Hypertonic saline solutions should be regarded as drugs, not standard IV fluids, and stored separately to prevent confusion.
Clinical Pearl: Enteric-coated products for oral use may not be adequately absorbed by dogs, leading to unpredictable efficacy. Normal saline contains higher amounts of chloride than plasma, increasing the risk of acidosis.
監視
- Serum sodium concentrations (especially before and after hypertonic saline)
- Acid-base status (monitor for acidosis)
- Heart rate (monitor for bradycardia during rapid hypertonic infusion)
- Hydration status and fluid balance
薬物動態
吸収
Enteric-coated oral products may not be adequately absorbed by dogs, leading to unpredictable efficacy.
分布
Crystalloids distribute widely into extracellular fluid compartments; 2.5 to 3.0 times as much fluid must be given compared to colloids to achieve the same plasma volume expansion.
過剰投与
Excessive administration of normal saline can increase the risk of hyperchloraemic acidosis and peripheral oedema. Administration of hypertonic saline at fluid rates >1 ml/kg/min can cause a vagally mediated bradycardia.
製品
製剤
- Injectable: 0.45% to 7% NaCl solutions
- Injectable: 0.18% NaCl with 4% glucose
- Injectable: 0.9% NaCl with 5% glucose
- Oral: 300 mg, 600 mg tablets
- Ophthalmic: 5% ointment (compounded)
動物用医薬品
- Aqupharm
- Vetivex
ヒト用医薬品
- Hypertonic saline
- Sodium chloride
規制ステータス
POM-V classification
POM-V classification
規制データなし: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Hypertonic saline solutions should be stored separately from standard intravenous fluids to prevent accidental confusion and administration.
飼主向け情報
塩化ナトリウム（生理食塩水）は、ペットの水分補給、ショックの治療、または特定の眼疾患の管理に一般的に使用されます。経口塩タブレットや眼軟膏が処方された場合は、獣医師の指示に注意深く従ってください。眼軟膏は、一時的に軽い刺激感を引き起こすことがあります。ペットが常に新鮮な飲み水にアクセスできるようにしてください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。