ヨウ化ナトリウム / ヨウ化カリウム
ヨウ化物は主に特定の肉芽腫性感染症の治療に獣医学で使用されます。主な適応症には、反芻動物の放線桿菌症（木舌症）や放線菌症、馬、犬、猫のスポロトリクム症が含まれます。去痰薬やヨウ素欠乏症の補助食品として使用されることもあります。猫はヨウ化物中毒に非常に敏感であるため、猫への使用には議論があります。
作用機序: The exact mechanism of action for treating actinobacillosis and sporotrichosis is unknown. * Iodides possess little to no direct *in vitro* antimicrobial or antifungal activity. * They are believed to act by modifying the **granulomatous inflammatory process**. * **Proposed mechanism:** Iodides may enhance **phagocytosis** by macrophages or alter the immune response within granulomas, facilitating the breakdown of granulomatous tissue and allowing the body's immune system to clear the infection.
動物種別の用量
- Actinobacillosis · 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution · IV · repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval · Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment.
- Actinobacillosis · 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution · IV · repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval · Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment.
- Sporotrichosis · 20 mg/kg PO q12-24h · PO · q12-24h · at least 60 days
- Sporotrichosis · 20 mg/kg PO q12-24h · PO · q12-24h · Using SSKI; give with food. Itraconazole is less likely to cause adverse effects.
- Actinobacillosis (woody tongue) · 70 mg/kg IV given as a 10% or 20% solution · IV · repeat at least one more time at a 7-10 day interval · Refractory cases may require more frequent (2-3 day intervals) treatment. Severe cases may require adjunctive antibiotics.
- Sporotrichosis · 20-40 mg/kg PO daily · PO · q24h · several weeks · Sodium iodide
- Sporotrichosis · Loading dose of sodium iodide at 20-40 mg/kg IV for 2-5 days, then 20-40 mg/kg PO once daily · IV, PO · q24h · at least 3 weeks after all clinical lesions disappear · May administer via oral syringe or mixed in sweet feed. Topical hot packs of 20% sodium iodide may be used on open wounds.
- Conidiobolomycosis · 20% sodium iodide at 44 mg/kg IV for 7 days, then ethylenediamine dihydroiodide at 1.3 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 months, then q24h for 1 year, then once per week · IV, PO · Variable · Over 1 year · Excessive lacrimation occasionally noted, but resolved if the drug was held for one day.
- Sporotrichosis · 40 mg/kg PO q8h · PO · q8h · at least 60 days · Using SSKI
- Sporotrichosis · 40 mg/kg PO q12h · PO · q12h · Using SSKI; give with food. Itraconazole is less likely to have adverse effects.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Known iodide hypersensitivity
- Lactating animals (excreted in milk)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Renal failure
- Severe dehydration
- Pregnancy (may cause abortion in cattle)
有害事象
- Excessive tearing (epiphora)
- Vomiting and nausea
- Anorexia / inappetence
- Nasal discharge
- Muscle twitching
- Cardiomyopathy
- Scaly haircoats and dandruff
- Hyperthermia
- Decreased milk production
- Decreased weight gain
- Coughing
- Diarrhea
- Goiter (especially in foals from supplemented mares)
- Cardiovascular failure (in severe toxicity)
薬物相互作用
- Antithyroid medications · Iodides may decrease the efficacy of antithyroid medications.
- Thyroid supplements · Iodides may enhance the efficacy of thyroid medications.
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of granulomatous lesions)
- Signs of iodism (excessive tearing, nasal discharge, scaly haircoats/dandruff, hyperthermia, coughing, diarrhea)
- Thyroid function (if used long-term)
過量投与
Excessive iodine accumulation leads to a toxic syndrome known as **iodism**. * **Clinical Signs:** Excessive tearing (epiphora), vomiting, anorexia, nasal discharge, muscle twitching, cardiomyopathy, scaly haircoats/dandruff, hyperthermia, decreased milk production and weight gain, coughing, inappetence, and diarrhea. * **Species Sensitivity:** Cats are particularly prone to developing iodism. Young animals may be more susceptible than adults. Foals have developed goiter when mares were excessively supplemented. * **Severe Toxicity:** Can progress to depression, hypothermia, and cardiovascular failure.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。