スペクチノマイシン
Spectinomycin
Spectinomycin hydrochloride / Spectinomycin sulfate
別名: Adspec · Spectam Scour-Halt · Spectoguard Scour-Chek · LS 50 · LincoSpectin · M-141 · actinospectacin · spectinomycini · U-18409AE · Kempi · Kirin · Stanilo · Togamycin · Trobicine · Vabicin
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
犬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible infections | 5.5-11 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For susceptible infections | 5-10 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For acute infectious gastroenteritis | 5-12 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- For susceptible infections: Alternatively 22 mg/kg PO q12h (for enteric infections; not absorbed)
猫
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For acute infectious gastroenteritis | 5-12 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
鳥
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For airsacculitis associated with M. meleagridis or chronic respiratory disease associated with E. coli in turkey poults (1-3 days old) | 0.1 mL (10 mg) | SC | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For control and to lessen mortality due to infections from M. synoviae, S. typhimurium, S. infantis, and E. coli in newly hatched chicks | 2.55 mg/0.2 mL | SC | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| For prevention and control of chronic respiratory disease associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broilers | 2 grams/gallon | PO | continuous in drinking water | — | 🌎 NA |
| For infectious synovitis associated with Mycoplasma synoviae in broilers | 1 gram/gallon | PO | continuous in drinking water | — | 🌎 NA |
| For improved weight gain/feed efficiency in floor-raised broilers | 0.5 grams/gallon | PO | continuous in drinking water | — | 🌎 NA |
- For airsacculitis associated with M. meleagridis or chronic respiratory disease associated with E. coli in turkey poults (1-3 days old): Inject in the base of the neck.
- For control and to lessen mortality due to infections from M. synoviae, S. typhimurium, S. infantis, and E. coli in newly hatched chicks: Dilute injection with normal saline to a concentration of 2.55 mg/0.2 mL and inject SC.
- For prevention and control of chronic respiratory disease associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broilers: Add sufficient amount to drinking water to attain final concentration.
- For infectious synovitis associated with Mycoplasma synoviae in broilers: Add sufficient amount to drinking water to attain final concentration.
- For improved weight gain/feed efficiency in floor-raised broilers: Add sufficient amount to drinking water to attain final concentration.
馬
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible infections | 20 mg/kg | IM | three times daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| For pneumonia | 20 mg/kg | IM | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
- For pneumonia: May cause local myositis. Insufficient data to comment on use.
牛
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pneumonia | 33 mg/kg | SC | q8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For susceptible infections | 22-39.6 mg/kg/day | IM | divided three times daily | — | 🌎 NA |
| For bovine respiratory disease | 10-15 mg/kg | SC | once daily (q24h) | for 3-5 consecutive days | 🌎 NA |
- For bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pneumonia: Suggested withdrawal time is 60 days.
- For bovine respiratory disease: Inject in the neck; not more than 50 mL per site.
豚
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For susceptible enteric infections | 10 mg/kg | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| For bacterial enteritis (white scours) in baby pigs associated with E. coli susceptible to spectinomycin | 50 mg/10 lbs of body weight | PO | twice daily | for 3-5 days | 🌎 NA |
| For susceptible enteric infections | 10 mg/kg | IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
スペクチノマイシンはアミノシクリトール系抗生物質であり、構造的にはアミノグリコシド系に似ていますが、アミノ糖とグリコシド結合を欠いています。
臨床上のポイント：
- 静菌性 vs 殺菌性： 真のアミノグリコシド系との構造的な違いにより、スペクチノマイシンは殺菌的ではなく静菌的に作用します。
- 安全性プロファイル： 従来のアミノグリコシド系（ゲンタマイシンやアミカシンなど）に一般的に見られる重篤な腎毒性や耳毒性が著しく低いのが特徴です。
- 抗菌スペクトル： 多くのグラム陽性および陰性菌（大腸菌、クレブシエラ、プロテウス、エンテロバクター、サルモネラ、レンサ球菌、ブドウ球菌、マイコプラズマなど）に対して比較的広いスペクトルを持ちます。
- 限界： 嫌気性菌、ほとんどの緑膿菌、クラミジア、トレポネーマに対する活性はほとんど、あるいは全くありません。
- 主な用途： 主に産業動物（豚、家禽、牛）の呼吸器および腸管感染症に使用されますが、犬、猫、馬にも適応外で使用されることがあります。
作用機序
Spectinomycin works by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.
Mechanism Pathway: Drug enters bacterial cell → Binds specifically to the 30S ribosomal subunit → Inhibits mRNA translation and translocation → Halts protein synthesis → Bacteriostatic effect (prevents bacterial replication and growth).
Note: Unlike true aminoglycosides, spectinomycin does not cause misreading of the messenger RNA, which explains why its action is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Patients with known hypersensitivity to spectinomycin
有害事象
- Neuromuscular blockade (reversible with parenteral calcium)
- Swelling or soreness at injection sites (especially SC in cattle)
- Transient ataxia (reported in turkey poults at high injected doses)
- Mild increases in BUN, ALP, and SGPT (reported in humans)
- Decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and creatinine clearance (reported in humans)
注意事項
Neuromuscular Blockade: Like other aminocyclitols/aminoglycosides, spectinomycin can cause neuromuscular blockade, though it is generally safer. If this occurs, parenteral calcium administration will generally reverse the blockade.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category B in humans (animal studies have not demonstrated fetal risk, but adequate human studies are lacking). Use with caution.
- Nursing: It is unknown if spectinomycin is excreted in milk; use caution when administering to nursing patients.
- Tissue Irritation: Subcutaneous administration in cattle may cause localized swelling at the injection site.
医薬品相互作用
Antagonism has been reported when used concurrently.
Antagonism has been reported when used concurrently.
監視
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection symptoms)
- Injection site monitoring for swelling or myositis
薬物動態
吸収
Oral absorption is poor (only about 7% of the dose is absorbed), but the drug remaining in the GI tract is active locally. When injected SC or IM, the drug is well absorbed with peak serum levels occurring in about 1 hour.
分布
Tissue levels of absorbed drug are lower than those found in the serum. Spectinomycin does not appreciably enter the CSF or the eye and is not bound significantly to plasma proteins. Placental and milk transfer are unknown.
代謝
Excreted mostly unchanged.
消失
Absorbed drug is excreted via glomerular filtration into the urine mostly unchanged. In cattle, the terminal half-life is about 2 hours.
過剰投与
Because the drug is negligibly absorbed after oral administration, significant systemic toxicity is highly unlikely via the oral route.
Injected overdoses may cause neurological or neuromuscular signs. For example, injected doses of 90 mg produced transient ataxia in turkey poults. If severe neuromuscular blockade occurs following massive parenteral overdose, parenteral calcium administration may be required to reverse the blockade.
製品
製剤
- Injection (100 mg/mL)
- Water Soluble Concentrate (0.5 g/g)
- Oral Solution (50 mg/mL)
- Water Soluble Powder (Combination with Lincomycin)
動物用医薬品
- Spectinomycin Sulfate Injection: 100 mg/mL (Adspec)
- Spectinomycin Injection: 100 mg/mL (Spectam Injectable)
- Spectinomycin Water Soluble Concentrate: 0.5 gram/gram (Spectam Water Soluble)
- Spectinomycin Oral Solution: 50 mg/mL (Spectam Scour-Halt, Spectoguard Scour-Chek)
- Spectinomycin/Lincomycin combinations (LS 50 Water Soluble Powder, Sepclinx-50, LincoSpectin Sterile Solution)
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Unless otherwise instructed by the manufacturer, spectinomycin products should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C). Protect from freezing.
飼主向け情報
重要なお知らせ：スペクチノマイシンは、主に産業動物（牛、豚、家禽など）の特定の細菌感染症の治療に使用される抗生物質であり、まれにコンパニオンアニマルの胃腸感染症にも使用されます。
- 投与方法：獣医師の指示に厳密に従ってください。経口液を与えたり、飲料水に混ぜたりする場合は、動物が予定された全量を摂取したことを確認してください。
- 副作用：この薬は一般的に非常に安全です。皮下注射で投与した場合、注射部位に軽度の腫れや痛みが観察されることがあります。
- 治療の完了：動物が完全に回復したように見えても、必ず処方された抗生物質の全期間の投与を完了してください。早期に投与を中止すると、耐性菌感染を引き起こす可能性があります。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。