ブドウ球菌ファージ溶解物
**ブドウ球菌ファージ溶解物（SPL）**は、主に獣医皮膚科で使用される注射用の生物学的製剤および免疫刺激剤です。特に犬の**再発性・特発性ブドウ球菌性膿皮症**の管理に適応があり、多くの場合、適切な抗菌薬治療と併用されます。 > **臨床のポイント：** 薬剤耐性（MRSPなど）が増加している現在、SPLのような免疫調節剤は、全身性抗生物質の使用頻度と期間を減らすための有用な補助的アプローチを提供します。 本製品は、ブドウ球菌ファージを用いて黄色ブドウ球菌（Cowan血清型IおよびIII；ヒト株）の培養物を溶解することによって調製されます。調製された溶液には、黄色ブドウ球菌成分（プロテインA抽出物）、ファージ、および未濾過の牛心臓浸出液ブロスが含まれており、細菌学的無菌性を達成するために限外濾過されています。
作用機序: SPL functions as an immunomodulator that specifically enhances **cell-mediated immunity** (Th1 immune response). * **Cytokine Stimulation:** It stimulates the production of key pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines, including **Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α)**, **Interleukin-6 (IL-6)**, and **Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)**. * **Mechanism:** By upregulating IFN-γ and TNF-α, SPL enhances the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of macrophages and neutrophils → leading to improved clearance of intracellular and extracellular staphylococcal organisms from the skin. * **Protein A Role:** The presence of staphylococcal Protein A acts as a potent B-cell superantigen and immunogen, further stimulating a robust host immune response against staphylococcal antigens.
動物種別の用量
- Labeled indications (Highly allergic patients) · Skin test with 0.05-0.1 mL intradermally. Therapy: Initially, 0.2 mL SC, then incremental increases of 0.2 mL once a week to 1 mL (a total of 5 injections). Then continue at 1 mL SC weekly for approximately 10-12 weeks. · SC/ID · Weekly · 10-12 weeks · Concomitant antibiotic therapy is recommended for an initial 4-6 week period. Maximum dose should be decreased in small dogs and can be increased cautiously, if necessary, in large dogs to 1.5 mL.
- Labeled indications (Non-allergic patients) · 0.5 mL SC twice weekly for 10-12 weeks, then 0.5-1 mL every 1-2 weeks. · SC · Twice weekly then every 1-2 weeks · 10-12 weeks initial, then maintenance · Concomitant antibiotic therapy is recommended for an initial 4-6 week period.
- Idiopathic, recurrent pyoderma · 0.5 mL SC twice weekly for 10-12 weeks, then tapered to effect. · SC · Twice weekly · 10-12 weeks then tapered · This agent is rarely needed, because in most cases, an underlying cause can be identified and treated.
- Chronic recurrent idiopathic pyoderma · Injections are administered twice weekly (0.5 mL) and slowly reduced to 0.5 mL every 2 weeks. · SC · Twice weekly then reduced · Ongoing · Pyoderma needs to be under control as this product is not a substitute for antibiotics.
用量は獣医療従事者向けの臨床リファレンスです。必ず最新の添付文書と個々の患者で確認してください。
投与経路
禁忌
- Prior systemic hypersensitivity reactions to SPL
- Documented hypersensitivity reactions to beef products (contains unfiltered beef heart infusion broth)
有害事象
- Post vaccine-type reactions (fever, malaise)
- Injection site reactions (redness, itching, swelling occurring 2-3 hours post-injection and persisting up to 3 days)
- Systemic hypersensitivity reactions (weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, severe itching, rapid breathing, fatigue/lassitude)
薬物相互作用
- Cell-mediated immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., corticosteroids, cyclosporine) · May reduce the efficacy of SPL
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of pyoderma)
- Local injection site reactions (redness, swelling, itching)
- Systemic hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis, vomiting, weakness)
過量投与
No specific information was located regarding acute toxicity. Other than an increased risk for local or systemic hypersensitivity reactions, significant morbidity appears unlikely. Should an anaphylactic-type reaction occur, treat supportively; the manufacturer recommends **epinephrine** and **atropine** as antidotes.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。