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ストレプトゾシン

Streptozocin

Streptozotocin (2-Deoxy-2-(3-methyl-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose)

別名: Zanosar · NSC-85998 · streptozotocin · U-9889

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

Begin saline diuresis: Give normal saline at 18-20 mL/kg/hour for 7-8 hours. Over the 4th-5th hour, give streptozocin in the saline solution at a dose of 500 mg/m 2 IV. Give an antiemetic (e.g., butorphanol) at the end of the 7-hour period.IV· Once· 7-8 hours total

これは持続点滴(CRI)の速度依存用量です。単純な体重換算ではなく、注入速度を計算してください。

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
Recurrent insulinoma after surgery (investigational)Begin saline diuresis: Give normal saline at 18-20 mL/kg/hour for 7-8 hours. Over the 4th-5th hour, give streptozocin in the saline solution at a dose of 500 mg/m 2 IV. Give an antiemetic (e.g., butorphanol) at the end of the 7-hour period.IVOnce7-8 hours total🌎 NA
Pancreatic islet cell tumorsNormal saline is given IV at 18.3 mL/kg/hr for 3 hours, then streptozocin is administered at 500 mg/m 2 over two hours with the saline diuresis continuing. After streptozocin infusion completed, continue saline diuresis for another 2 hours. Butorphanol is administered as an antiemetic immediately after streptozocin.IVMay repeat at 3 week intervalsUntil evidence of tumor progression, recurrence of hypoglycemia, or drug toxicity🌎 NA
  • Recurrent insulinoma after surgery (investigational): Requires aggressive fluid therapy.
  • Pancreatic islet cell tumors: Monitor for myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity.

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか?VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

ストレプトゾシンは、元々Streptomyces achromogenesから分離された​抗悪性腫瘍抗生物質​ですが、市販品は合成的に製造されています。獣医学においては、主に膵臓のβ細胞に対する標的毒性を利用し、犬の​再発性、切除不能、または転移性のインスリノーマ​に対する重要な治療薬として使用されます。

  • ​臨床のポイント​: インスリノーマは過剰なインスリンを分泌する膵臓の機能性腫瘍であり、生命を脅かす低血糖を引き起こします。ストレプトゾシンはこれらの腫瘍細胞を選択的に破壊し、低血糖の制御と腫瘍の進行遅延に役立ちます。
  • その重篤な毒性プロファイルのため、通常は外科的切除が不完全または不可能な難治性の症例に限定して使用されます。

作用機序

Streptozocin acts primarily as an alkylating agent.

  • DNA Damage: It cross-links DNA strands → inhibits DNA synthesis and prevents precursor incorporation into DNA.
  • Beta-Cell Toxicity: The drug enters cells via the GLUT2 transporter, which is highly expressed on pancreatic beta cells. Once inside, it causes a species-specific diabetogenic effect in dogs by reducing ​nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)​ and ATP concentrations → irreversible beta cell necrosis.
  • While it possesses antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, its severe cytotoxicity precludes its use as an antibiotic.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Patients without a confirmed histologic diagnosis of insulinoma
  • Patients with completely resectable tumors
  • Pregnancy (unless benefits outweigh risks; FDA Category C)

有害事象

  • Serious, permanent renal toxicity
  • Severe and protracted vomiting and nausea
  • Mild myelosuppression
  • Elevated liver enzymes
  • Severe tissue necrosis if extravasated (vesicant)

注意事項

CRITICAL WARNING: Streptozocin is highly nephrotoxic. Aggressive IV saline diuresis is absolutely mandatory before, during, and after administration to prevent permanent renal failure.

  • Must be used with extreme caution in patients with decreased renal, bone marrow, or hepatic function.
  • Vesicant: Severe tissue necrosis will occur if the drug extravasates outside the vein. Ensure a perfectly placed, patent IV catheter.
  • Nursing Safety: It is unknown if it is excreted in milk. Consider using milk replacer due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing offspring.

医薬品相互作用

Doxorubicin

Streptozocin may prolong the half-life of doxorubicin; dosage adjustment may be required.

Myelosuppressive drugs (e.g., carmustine)

Additive or synergistic myelosuppression may occur.

Nephrotoxic drugs (aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, cisplatin)

May cause additive nephrotoxicity when used concurrently.

Niacinamide (nicotinamide)

Can block the diabetogenic effects of streptozocin without altering its antineoplastic activity; this may be beneficial or detrimental depending on the clinical goal.

監視

  • Blood glucose (to assess efficacy)
  • Baseline and post-treatment renal function tests (including urinalysis)
  • CBC (for myelosuppression)
  • Baseline and pre-retreatment liver function tests
  • Hydration status (especially for the first few days after treatment or if vomiting is a problem)

薬物動態

吸収

Must be administered IV. Cytotoxic nature precludes other routes.

分布

Distributes to most tissues; concentrations in the pancreas are higher than those found in plasma.

代謝

Metabolized, probably in the liver.

消失

Both unchanged and metabolized drug are excreted in the urine.

過剰投与

Severe toxicity may result if acutely overdosed, primarily manifesting as acute renal failure, severe gastrointestinal distress, and myelosuppression. Dosages must be calculated carefully based on body surface area (m^2). Treatment is supportive, focusing on aggressive fluid diuresis and management of uremia and cytopenias.

製品

製剤

  • Powder for injection

ヒト用医薬品

  • Streptozocin Powder for Injection: 1 gram (100 mg/mL) in vials; Zanosar® (Genesia Sicor); (Rx)

規制ステータス

規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store lyophilized powder in the refrigerator and protect from light. Stable for at least 3 years after manufacture (1 year if stored at room temperature). Reconstitute with Dextrose 5% or 0.9% sodium chloride. The reconstituted solution is stable for 48 hours at room temperature and 96 hours if refrigerated, but as no preservative is added, the manufacturer recommends using the drug within 12 hours of mixing.

飼主向け情報

  • ​目的​: あなたの犬は​インスリノーマ​(危険な低血糖を引き起こす膵臓の腫瘍)を治療するためにストレプトゾシンを処方されました。
  • ​入院の必要性​: この薬は腎臓に非常に大きな負担をかける可能性があるため、腎臓を洗い流して損傷から保護するために、治療の前、中、後に持続的な静脈内輸液を受けるための入院が必要です。
  • ​副作用​: 吐き気と嘔吐が非常に一般的に見られます。獣医師は、犬が可能な限り快適に過ごせるよう、強力な制吐薬を投与します。
  • ​実験的性質​: これは獣医学において「治験的」または適応外治療と見なされています。血糖値、腎臓の数値、血球数の厳密なフォローアップモニタリングが絶対に不可欠です。

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