スルファクロルピリダジンナトリウム
Sulfachlorpyridazine Sodium
Sulfachlorpyridazine sodium
別名: Vetisulid · cluricol · sulphachlorpyridazine
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
動物種別用量
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
鳥
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enteric bacterial infections (E. coli) | Mix 1/4 teaspoonful per liter of water and use as only supply of drinking water | PO | continuous | 5-10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Enteric bacterial infections (E. coli) | Mix 3/4 teaspoonsful per 2 quarts of water | PO | continuous | — | 🌎 NA |
| E. coli and coccidiosis in pigeons | 1200 mg per gallon of drinking water | PO | continuous | — | 🌎 NA |
- Enteric bacterial infections (E. coli): Using the oral powder. May be effective for many E. coli enteric infections.
- Enteric bacterial infections (E. coli): Using the oral powder. Fairly effective for enteric infections, particularly E. coli. Reserved for clients who are unable to give other medications by mouth or parenterally.
- E. coli and coccidiosis in pigeons: Very effective for E. coli and it is a good coccidiostat.
牛
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diarrhea caused or complicated by E. coli in calves less than one month of age | 33-49.5 mg/kg PO, or IV twice daily | PO/IV | q12h | 1-5 days | 🌎 NA |
- Diarrhea caused or complicated by E. coli in calves less than one month of age: Suggest initiating therapy with intravenous preparation and then changing to oral if possible
豚
| 適応 | 用量 | 経路 | 頻度 | 期間 | 地域 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colibacillosis | 44-77 mg/kg PO per day (divide dose and give twice daily if treating individual animals) | PO | q12h or q24h | 1-5 days | 🌎 NA |
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
スルファクロルピリダジンナトリウムは、短〜中時間作用型で低脂溶性のスルホンアミド系抗菌薬です。獣医療では主に、生後1ヶ月未満の子牛や豚の大腸菌（E. coli）による腸管感染症の治療に適応されます。また、成牛やその他の動物種において、一般的なスルホンアミド系薬剤として注射で用いられることもあります。
臨床のポイント:
- 時間依存性・静菌性の抗生物質であるため、一定の投与間隔を維持することが有効性のために重要です。
- スルホンアミド系に対する耐性菌は広く増加していますが、特定の群管理においては依然として有用な薬剤です。
- 通常の生理的なpHの尿中では高い溶解性を示しますが、脱水状態や尿が高度に濃縮・酸性化している患者では、結晶尿のリスクが残ります。
作用機序
Sulfonamides are generally bacteriostatic agents. They act as structural analogues of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).
- They competitively inhibit the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase.
- This blocks the incorporation of PABA into dihydropteroic acid → preventing the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form of folic acid).
- Because mammalian cells utilize preformed dietary folic acid and do not synthesize their own, they are generally unaffected by this mechanism.
- Efficacy is significantly reduced in the presence of pus, necrotic tissue, or extensive cellular debris, as these environments are rich in PABA which outcompetes the drug.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, thiazides, or sulfonylurea agents
- Severe renal impairment
- Severe hepatic impairment
有害事象
- Crystalluria
- Hematuria
- Renal tubule obstruction
- Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs
- Bone marrow depression
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, dermatitis)
- Focal retinitis
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Nonseptic polyarthritis
- Muscle weakness, blindness, ataxia, and collapse (with rapid IV injection)
- Tissue irritation and necrosis (with IM or SC injection)
- Temporary depression of normal cellulytic function in the ruminoreticulum
注意事項
Caution: Use with care in patients with diminished renal or hepatic function, or urinary obstruction.
- Hydration: Ensure adequate urine flow to prevent crystalluria. Alkalinization of urine may prevent crystalluria but decreases tubular reabsorption.
- Administration: Avoid too-rapid IV injection to prevent acute neurological and muscular adverse effects. Avoid IM or SC routes due to the alkaline nature of the solution causing tissue irritation and necrosis.
- Pregnancy: Potentially teratogenic at high doses; crosses the placenta. Weigh risk vs. benefit.
- Lactation: Distributed into milk. Safe use during lactation cannot be assumed; use with caution.
- Laboratory: May cause false-positive results for urine glucose determinations when using the Benedict's method.
医薬品相互作用
May decrease the oral bioavailability of sulfonamides if administered concurrently
監視
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of diarrhea/infection)
- Adverse effects
- Hydration status and urine output
薬物動態
吸収
Readily absorbed from the GI tract of non-ruminants. Food delays the rate, but usually not the extent of absorption. Peak levels occur within 1-2 hours in non-ruminant (and young pre-ruminant) animals. Adult ruminants may have significant delays before oral absorption.
分布
Well distributed throughout the body; some reach significant levels in the CSF. Highest levels in liver, kidney, and lung; lower in muscle and bone. Highly bound to serum proteins (species and drug dependent); protein-bound fraction is inactive.
代謝
Principally metabolized in the liver via acetylation and glucuronidation, though extra-hepatic metabolism is also involved. Acetylated metabolites may be less soluble, increasing the risk of crystalluria.
消失
Renally excreted via both tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. Protein-bound drug is not filtered. The serum half-life of sulfachlorpyridazine is approximately 1.2 hours in cattle.
過剰投与
Acute toxicity secondary to overdoses apparently occurs only rarely in veterinary species.
- Signs of Toxicity: In addition to standard adverse effects, CNS stimulation and myelin degeneration have been noted after very high dosages.
- Treatment: Treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic. Ensure aggressive fluid therapy to maintain urine output and prevent crystalluria.
製品
製剤
- Oral powder
- Oral suspension
- Injection
- Oral boluses
動物用医薬品
- Sulfachlorpyridazine Sodium Oral powder: 54 grams per bottle (Vetisulid Powder)
- Sulfachlorpyridazine Sodium Oral Suspension: 50 mg/mL in 180 mL bottles (Vetisulid Oral Suspension)
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Injection: Store at room temperature and protect from light; avoid freezing. Oral suspension: Store at room temperature; avoid freezing. Oral boluses and powder: Store at room temperature; avoid excessive heat (above 40°C; 104°F).
飼主向け情報
- 十分な水分補給が重要: 尿中に薬の結晶ができる（結晶尿）のを防ぐため、投薬中は常に新鮮な水を自由に飲めるようにしてください。脱水を避けてください。
- 正確な投薬: 動物の体調が良くなったように見えても、獣医師の指示通りに最後まで正確に投与してください。
- 副作用の観察: 尿量の減少、血尿、異常な衰弱、または下痢の悪化が見られた場合は、すぐに獣医師にご連絡ください。
VetSheet医薬品リファレンスは獣医専門家の臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断または製造業者の最新医薬品情報の代替にはなりません。