トルトラズリル
**トルトラズリル**は、主に欧州で家禽や豚のコクシジウム症の治療に承認されているトリアジノン系抗原虫薬です。伴侶動物医療では、様々な原虫感染症の代替治療として適応外使用されます。 **主な用途:** - 犬や猫のコクシジウム症 - イソスポラまたはヘパトゾーン感染症 - 猫のトキソプラズマのオーシスト排出期 - 爬虫類（フトアゴヒゲトカゲなど）の重度寄生虫感染症 **臨床のポイント:** - トルトラズリルは、米国でより一般的に使用されている**ポナズリル**の親化合物です。 - アメリカ犬ヘパトゾーン症（ACH）の犬において初期の優れた臨床反応を誘導できますが、寄生虫を完全に排除することはできず、寛解は通常一時的です。 - **規制上の注意:** 米国では市販されておらず、コンパッショネートユースのために合法的に輸入する必要があります。
作用機序: The exact mechanism of action is not completely understood, but as a triazinone derivative, it acts on all intracellular developmental stages of coccidia. - **Pathway:** It appears to inhibit protozoal enzyme systems → disrupts the division of the nucleus and the activity of the mitochondria → impairs the respiratory metabolism of the parasite → protozoal death. - It is rapidly metabolized in the liver to its active sulfone derivative, **ponazuril**.
動物種別の用量
- Enteroepithelial cycle of toxoplasmosis (oocyst shedding) · 5-10 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 2 days
- Coccidiosis · 30 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 2-3 days
- Coccidiosis · 20 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 3 days
- Isospora spp. · 9-20 mg/kg · PO · once · Single dose; further treatment is only indicated if oocyst shedding persists · Not authorized for use in cats but appears to be effective. Standard dose is 9 mg/kg. Higher doses up to 20 mg/kg can be used if required.
- Ovine coccidiosis (Eimeria ovinoidalis) · 20 mg/kg PO once · PO · once · 1 dose · Controlled study comparing efficacy against diclazuril.
- Coccidiosis in raptors · 7 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 2-3 days
- Parasitism in Bearded Dragons · 5-15 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 3 days
- Coccidiosis (Cystoisosporosis) prevention · 10-20 mg/kg PO one time · PO · once · 1 dose · Administer to all puppies at 3-4 weeks of age to help prevent problems associated with intestinal coccidiosis.
投与経路
禁忌
- Known hypersensitivity to toltrazuril or other triazinone antiprotozoals (e.g., ponazuril, diclazuril)
- Puppies or kittens < 2 weeks of age
- Animals weighing < 0.4 kg
有害事象
- Generally well tolerated in birds
- Potential gastrointestinal upset in mammals
- Blisters on nose and mouth (extrapolated from ponazuril use in horses)
- Rash or hives (extrapolated from ponazuril use in horses)
- Mild diarrhoea
- Vomiting
薬物相互作用
- Emodepside · Frequently formulated together; no negative interactions known between the two, but refer to emodepside monograph for its specific interactions. · minor
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of clinical signs, negative fecal tests)
- Fecal flotation to monitor for resolution of oocyst shedding
- Resolution of clinical signs (e.g., diarrhea)
過量投与
Very limited information is available. - **Horses:** Doses up to 10X were tolerated without significant adverse effects. - **Poultry:** 5X overdoses have been tolerated without clinical signs. Decreased water intake has been observed if overdoses are greater than 5X.
VetSheet の薬剤リファレンスは、獣医療従事者向けの臨床意思決定支援を目的としており、専門的判断やメーカーの最新添付文書に代わるものではありません。