ビタミンE / セレン
ビタミンEとセレンは、相乗的な抗酸化特性を持つため頻繁に併用されますが、ビタミンE単独でもサプリメントとして広く使用されています。 - **ビタミンE（α-トコフェロール）** は、細胞膜を酸化損傷から保護するために不可欠な脂溶性ビタミンです。円板状エリテマトーデス、毛包虫症などの皮膚疾患、肝疾患、神経疾患の補助療法として使用されます。 - **セレン** は、抗酸化酵素の重要な補因子として機能する微量ミネラルです。配合剤は主に、家畜の白筋病などの**セレン・トコフェロール欠乏症（STD）**の治療または予防に適応されます。 > **臨床のポイント：** ビタミンEの安全域は広いですが、**セレンの過剰摂取は非常に毒性が高い**です。配合剤はセレン濃度に基づいて慎重に投与量を決定し、FDAに承認された動物種にのみ使用する必要があります。
作用機序: Both Vitamin E and Selenium are intricately involved in the cellular metabolism of sulfur and the prevention of oxidative stress. - **Vitamin E** acts as a potent biological free radical scavenger. It prevents the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids within cellular and subcellular membranes. - **Selenium** is an essential structural component of the enzyme **glutathione peroxidase** → this enzyme catalyzes the reduction of lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols, neutralizing their potential to cause cellular damage. Together, they protect against red blood cell hemolysis and prevent the destructive action of peroxidase on unsaturated bonds in cell membranes.
動物種別の用量
- Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency (using Bo-Se) · Lambs (2 weeks of age or older): 1 mL per 40 lbs. body weight IM or SC (1 mL minimum). Ewes: 2.5 mL/100 lbs. body weight IM or SC. · IM/SC · Single dose · Slaughter withdrawal = 14 days.
- Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency (using L-Se) · Lambs: 1 mL SC or IM in newborns and 4 mL SC or IM in lambs 2 weeks of age or older · SC/IM · Single dose · Slaughter withdrawal = 14 days.
- Treatment of tocopherol deficiency associated with exocrine pancreatic disease · 30 Units PO once daily for one month then every 1-2 weeks as needed · PO · q24h · 1 month, then q1-2 weeks
- Adjunctive treatment of hepatic lipidosis · 10 Units/kg once PO once daily · PO · q24h
- Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency (using Mu-Se) · For weanling calves: 1 mL per 200 lbs. body weight IM or SC. For breeding beef cows: 1 mL per 200 lbs. body weight during middle third of pregnancy and 30 days before calving IM or SC. · IM/SC · Variable · Slaughter withdrawal = 30 days.
- Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency (using Bo-Se) · Calves: 2.5-3.75 mL/100 lbs body weight (depending on severity of condition and geographical area) IM or SC. · IM/SC · Single dose · Slaughter withdrawal = 30 days.
- Adjunctive treatment of ionophore (monensin) toxicity · 4-12 Units/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h
投与経路
禁忌
- Use of combination products in non-FDA approved species
- Use of Bo-Se in newborn pigs
有害事象
- Anaphylactoid reactions
- Transient muscle soreness at injection sites (IM)
- Selenium toxicity (depression, ataxia, dyspnea, blindness, diarrhea, muscle weakness, garlic breath)
薬物相互作用
- Iron · Large doses of vitamin E may delay the hematologic response to iron therapy in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
- Mineral oil · May reduce the absorption of orally administered vitamin E.
- Vitamin A · Absorption, utilization, and storage may be enhanced by vitamin E.
- Warfarin · Vitamin E may increase the effects of warfarin.
モニタリング
- Clinical efficacy
- Blood selenium levels (when using combination products)
- Glutathione peroxidase activity (optional)
過量投与
Selenium is quite toxic in overdose quantities, but has a fairly wide safety margin. Cattle have tolerated chronic doses of 0.6 mg/kg/day with no adverse effects (approximate therapeutic dose is 0.06 mg/kg). **Clinical signs of selenium toxicity include:** - Depression, ataxia, dyspnea, blindness, diarrhea, muscle weakness - A distinct **'garlic' odor** on the breath - **Horses:** May become blind, paralyzed, slough their hooves, and lose hair from the tail and mane. - **Dogs:** May exhibit anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea at high dosages. Large overdoses of **vitamin E** alone can cause coagulopathies.
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