ヨヒンビン
Yohimbine
Yohimbine hydrochloride
別名: Yobine · Antagonil · Aphrodyne · Dayto Himbin · Pluriviron mono · Prowess Plain · Urobine · Virigen · Yocon · Yocoral · Yohimex · Yomax · Zumba · aphrodine hydrochloride · chlorhydrate de quebrachine · corynine hydrochloride · Yohydrol
VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス
監査済み v13 用量エビデンス
確認済み・計算対象外のエビデンス確認済み・計算対象外のエビデンス (1)
エビデンス表示のみ(自動計算対象外)
Xylazine reversal; rarely indicated; atipameazole commonly used to reverse all α2 agonists
TABLE 127.5. Agent: Yohimbine (Yobine, Lloyd). Dosage: —. Species/Comments: Xylazine reversal; rarely indicated; atipameazole commonly used to reverse all α2 agonists. Table note: a Medetomidine is no longer commercially available in North America, although it can be obtained from select compounding services; dosages are listed here as a guide for possible use with dexmedetomidine, an α 2 agonist that is the active optical enantiomer of racemic compound medetomidine; dexmedetomidine is generally used at half the dose of medetomidine but the same volume due to higher concentration; both compounds tend to have similar effects..
用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。
概要
ヨヒンビンはインドールアルキルアミンアルカロイドであり、特異的なα2-アドレナリン受容体拮抗薬です。獣医学では主に、α2作動薬(特にキシラジン)の鎮静および心血管作用を拮抗するために使用されます。また、アミトラズ中毒の有効な解毒剤でもあり、予防的にも使用されます。現代の臨床ではデクスメデトミジンの拮抗にはアチパメゾールが主流ですが、ヨヒンビンは依然として重要な救急および拮抗薬です。
作用機序
Yohimbine competitively blocks central and peripheral presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors.
- Mechanism: By blocking these autoreceptors, yohimbine prevents the negative feedback loop that normally inhibits neurotransmitter release → increases synaptic norepinephrine release → enhances sympathetic outflow.
- Systemic Effects: This surge in sympathetic tone results in increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, CNS stimulation, and antidiuresis, effectively counteracting the profound sedation, bradycardia, and hypotension induced by alpha-2 agonists.
安全性・警告
禁忌
- Hypersensitivity to yohimbine
- Renal disease (extrapolated from human medicine)
- Patients with active seizure disorders
有害事象
- Transient apprehension or anxiety
- CNS excitement
- Muscle tremors
- Hypersalivation
- Increased respiratory rate (panting)
- Hyperemic (red) mucous membranes
- Tachycardia
注意事項
Seizure Disorders: Use with extreme caution as yohimbine can lower the seizure threshold and induce tremors or convulsions. Renal Impairment: Contraindicated in humans with renal disease; use cautiously in veterinary patients with compromised kidney function.
Important Clinical Pearl - Analgesia Loss: Reversing xylazine or other alpha-2 agonists will simultaneously remove any provided analgesia. Normal pain perception will return immediately. Ensure alternative pain management (e.g., opioids, NSAIDs) is on board before administration if the patient underwent a painful procedure.
医薬品相互作用
May cause severe hypertension; concurrent use is not recommended.
Additive antagonistic effects; use with caution.
Additive CNS stimulation and increased risk of seizures or severe agitation.
監視
- CNS status (arousal level, signs of excitement or apprehension)
- Cardiac rate and rhythm
- Blood pressure (if indicated and practical)
- Respiratory rate and effort
薬物動態
半減期
吸収
Rapid onset of action; when used to reverse xylazine IV, onset generally occurs within 3 minutes.
分布
Readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. Apparent volume of distribution (steady-state) is approximately 5 L/kg in steers, 2-5 L/kg in horses, and 4.5 L/kg in dogs.
代謝
The specific metabolic fate of yohimbine is currently unknown.
消失
Total body clearance is approximately 70 mL/min/kg in steers, 35 mL/min/kg in horses, and 30 mL/min/kg in dogs.
過剰投与
Overdoses can cause significant CNS and cardiovascular overstimulation.
- Experimental Data: Dogs receiving 0.55 mg/kg (5 times the recommended dose) exhibited clinical signs of transient seizures and muscle tremors.
- Clinical Reports (APCC): Reported findings in dogs include diarrhea, disorientation, hyperactivity, panting, tachycardia, and hypersalivation.
- Treatment: Primarily supportive and symptomatic. Avoid further CNS stimulation and manage seizures if they occur.
製品
製剤
- Injection: 2 mg/mL sterile solution
- Oral tablets: 5.4 mg (Human-labeled)
動物用医薬品
- Yohimbine Sterile Solution for Injection: 2 mg/mL in 20 mL vials (Yobine®)
ヒト用医薬品
- Oral tablets: 5.4 mg
規制ステータス
規制データなし: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
保管・安定性
Store injection at room temperature (15-30°C) and protect from light and heat.
飼主向け情報
この薬剤は、動物病院などの環境で獣医師の直接の監督下でのみ使用されます。
- 目的: 特定の鎮静薬(キシラジンなど)の投与後にペットを迅速に覚醒させるため、またはアミトラズを含むダニ駆除薬による中毒を治療するために使用されます。
- 予想される反応: ペットが非常に突然目を覚ますことがあります。薬が効き始める際に、一時的な不安、パンティング(あえぎ呼吸)、流涎、筋肉の震えが見られるのは正常であり、通常はすぐに治まります。
- 痛みの管理: この薬は鎮静を解除するため、同時に鎮痛効果も消失します。ペットが手術を受けた場合、獣医師は他の鎮痛薬が確実に投与されるよう管理します。
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