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ゾラゼパムおよびチレタミン

Zolazepam and Tiletamine

Zolazepam / Tiletamine

別名: Zoletil · Telazol · Tiletamine/Zolazepam · Zolazepam hydrochloride and Tiletamine hydrochloride

VetSheet 獣医チームが監修更新日 2026年4月5日エビデンスに基づく獣医学リファレンス

5-10 mg/kgIV· single dose· Duration of anaesthesia is 20-60 minutes
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用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

動物種別用量

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
General anaesthesia5-10 mg/kgIVsingle doseDuration of anaesthesia is 20-60 minutes🌍 EU
General anaesthesia7-25 mg/kgIMsingle doseDuration of anaesthesia is 20-60 minutes🌍 EU
  • General anaesthesia: Dose refers to the combined tiletamine/zolazepam (100 mg/ml). Adjust depending on degree of pain expected and depth required.
  • General anaesthesia: Dose refers to the combined tiletamine/zolazepam (100 mg/ml). Adjust depending on degree of pain expected and depth required.

適応用量経路頻度期間地域
General anaesthesia5-7.5 mg/kgIVsingle doseDuration of anaesthesia is 20-60 minutes🌍 EU
General anaesthesia10-15 mg/kgIMsingle doseDuration of anaesthesia is 20-60 minutes🌍 EU
  • General anaesthesia: Dose refers to the combined tiletamine/zolazepam (100 mg/ml). Adjust depending on degree of pain expected and depth required.
  • General anaesthesia: Dose refers to the combined tiletamine/zolazepam (100 mg/ml). Adjust depending on degree of pain expected and depth required.

用量は獣医専門家向けの臨床参考資料です。必ず最新の医薬品情報および個別症例に基づいて確認してください。

診察中ですか?VetSheet の AI が薬剤・用量・投与期間を構造化された診察記録に直接記入します。VetSheet の仕組みを見る

概要

​ゾラゼパム/チレタミン​(一般的にZoletilまたはTelazolとして知られる)は、犬および猫の全身麻酔に獣医療で広く使用される配合注射用麻酔薬です。解離性麻酔薬(チレタミン)とベンゾジアゼピン(ゾラゼパム)を組み合わせることで、筋弛緩を伴う麻酔を提供します。

​臨床上の警告:​ この配合剤は、痛みを伴う手術の単独麻酔薬として使用すべきではありません。十分な内臓鎮痛作用を欠いているため、適切な鎮痛薬(オピオイド、NSAIDsなど)と併用する必要があります。

​臨床のポイント:​ この薬剤からの覚醒は長引くことがあり(2〜6時間)、特に高用量を投与された犬では、荒れたり興奮したりすることがあります。前投薬(α2作動薬やフェノチアジン系など、相互作用に注意しつつ)を行うことで、覚醒がスムーズになることがよくあります。猫の覚醒は犬よりも長引く傾向があります。

作用機序

The drug is a 1:1 combination of two active principles with complementary mechanisms:

  • ​Zolazepam:​ A benzodiazepine that enhances the activity of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) → the major inhibitory neurotransmitter within the CNS. This provides sedative, anxiolytic, and muscle-relaxing actions, counteracting the muscle rigidity typically caused by dissociative agents.
  • ​Tiletamine:​ A dissociative anesthetic (pharmacologically similar to ketamine) that antagonizes NMDA (glutamic acid) receptors → depresses certain cerebral regions (thalamus and cortex) while the limbic system remains active, generating a state of dissociative anesthesia.

安全性・警告

禁忌

  • Severe cardiac disease
  • Severe respiratory disease
  • Hypertensive disease
  • Renal insufficiency
  • Pancreatic insufficiency
  • Hepatic insufficiency
  • Head trauma or intracranial tumours
  • Pregnancy (crosses the placenta and causes fatal respiratory depression in neonates)

有害事象

  • Excessive salivation (ptyalism)
  • Muscle rigidity during recovery
  • Prolonged and excitable recovery (especially in dogs at higher doses)
  • Pain on intramuscular injection (particularly in cats)
  • Respiratory depression (can be fatal in neonates)
  • Hypothermia

注意事項

​Human Safety Warning:​ Pregnant women should avoid handling the product.

  • ​Recovery Environment:​ Following anesthesia, return to normal is progressive (2-6 hours). Animals must be kept in a calm, quiet environment. Avoid excessive noise and light.
  • ​Patient Factors:​ Recovery may be significantly delayed in obese, old, or debilitated animals.
  • ​Parasite Collars:​ Remove any antiparasitic collar 24 hours before anesthesia.
  • ​Secretions:​ Excessive salivation can occur; consider administration of an anticholinergic (e.g., atropine or glycopyrrolate) to control this.

医薬品相互作用

Phenothiazines (e.g., Acepromazine)Major

Increased cardiorespiratory depression and increased hypothermic effect during the last phase of anesthesia.

ChloramphenicolModerate

Slows down the elimination of the anesthetics if used during the pre- or intraoperative period.

監視

  • Heart rate and rhythm
  • Respiratory rate and depth
  • Body temperature (monitor closely for hypothermia)
  • Depth of anesthesia (jaw tone, palpebral reflex)
  • Quality of recovery (monitor for excitation or rigidity)

薬物動態

半減期

Zolazepam has a shorter half-life than tiletamine in cats. Overall recovery is more prolonged in cats than in dogs.Tiletamine has a shorter half-life than zolazepam in dogs, which can lead to rougher recoveries as the sedative wears off before the dissociative.

吸収

Rapidly absorbed following intramuscular injection.

分布

Widely distributed; crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta.

代謝

Hepatic metabolism. Elimination of the anesthetics is slowed by concurrent use of chloramphenicol.

消失

Excreted primarily via the kidneys.

過剰投与

Overdosage increases the risk of severe cardiorespiratory depression, prolonged anesthesia, and highly excitable or rough recoveries. Treatment is supportive, including mechanical ventilation if respiratory failure occurs, thermal support for hypothermia, and potentially benzodiazepine antagonists (flumazenil) for the zolazepam component, though this leaves the tiletamine unopposed.

製品

製剤

  • Injectable powder for reconstitution: 50 mg/ml zolazepam + 50 mg/ml tiletamine (100 mg/ml total combined active ingredients)

動物用医薬品

  • Zoletil 100 (50 mg/ml zolazepam + 50 mg/ml tiletamine powder for reconstitution)

規制ステータス

United States✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品 · Schedule IIIFDA/CVM
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Marketed as Telazol in the US.

European Union✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品 · Varies by member stateEMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

Marketed as Zoletil. POM-V classification.

United Kingdom✓ 承認済み処方箋医薬品 · Schedule 3VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V. Subject to safe custody requirements.

規制データなし: 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

保管・安定性

Store the un-reconstituted powder according to manufacturer instructions (usually room temperature). Once reconstituted, the solution should be stored in a refrigerator and used within the timeframe specified by the manufacturer (typically a few days).

飼主向け情報

この薬は、獣医師がペットの処置を行う際に使用する麻酔薬です。

  • ​自宅での回復:​ 帰宅後数時間は、ペットがぼんやりしたり、ふらついたり、眠たがったりすることがあります。階段や他のペット、子供から離れた、暖かく静かで薄暗い部屋で休ませてください。
  • ​行動の変化:​ 薬の効果が切れるにつれて、一部のペット(特に犬)は鳴き声を上げたり、落ち着きがなくなったりすることがあります。これは回復過程の正常な一部ですが、過度と思われる場合は獣医師にご相談ください。
  • ​食事:​ 飲み込む反射が一時的に低下している可能性があるため、いつから水や食事を与えてよいかについては、獣医師の具体的な指示に従ってください。

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