활성탄

위장관 흡착제 / 해독제

활성탄은 매우 다공성인 미세한 검은색 분말로, 특정 독성 물질 및 약물 과다 복용의 응급 처치 시 **위장관 흡착제**로 사용됩니다. * **임상 요점**: 많은 유기 화합물에 대한 광범위한 흡착제로 작용하지만, 그 효능은 투여 시기(이상적으로는 섭취 후 1~2시간 이내)와 독소의 특정 특성에 크게 좌우됩니다. * 무기산, 강알칼리, 알코올(에탄올, 메탄올), 황산제일철, 리튬, 질산염, 염화나트륨/염소산염 또는 석유 증류물과 같은 작고 극성이 높거나 수용성인 화합물에는 **효과가 없습니다**. * 표면적이 더 넓기 때문에 일반적으로 압축 정제보다 슬러리나 현탁액이 더 효과적입니다.

작용 기전: Activated charcoal possesses an extremely large surface area. It binds to toxins in the upper GI tract via **ion-ion interactions**, **hydrogen bonding**, **dipole forces**, and **Van der Waals forces**. * **Mechanism**: Toxin binds to charcoal in the gut lumen → forms a stable charcoal-toxin complex → prevents systemic absorption → complex is excreted safely in the feces. * **Enterohepatic Recirculation**: For drugs that undergo enterohepatic recycling, repeated doses of activated charcoal can act as a "gut dialyzer," pulling systemic toxins back into the GI lumen to be trapped and excreted.

동물 종별 용량

Goats

Plant intoxications · 1-5 g/kg · PO · Single or multiple doses · Mix with cathartic (e.g., sodium/magnesium sulfate 250-500 mg/kg or sorbitol 70% 3 ml/kg) if no diarrhea is present.

Sheep

Plant intoxications · 1-5 g/kg · PO · Single or multiple doses · Mix with cathartic (e.g., sodium/magnesium sulfate 250-500 mg/kg or sorbitol 70% 3 ml/kg) if no diarrhea is present.

Dogs

Gastrointestinal absorbent · 10 mL of a 20% slurry (1 g of charcoal in 5 mL of water) per kg · PO/Orogastric tube · Single dose
Acute poisoning · 1-4 g/kg · PO/Nasogastric tube · q4-6h · As needed for toxins that are recirculated · After decontamination of the GI tract
Acute poisoning · 1-4 g/kg in 50-200 mL of water · PO · Single or repeated doses · Concurrent with or within 30 minutes of giving charcoal, give an osmotic cathartic.
Acute poisoning · 1-5 g/kg · PO · Single dose · Diluted in water at 1 g charcoal/5-10 mL water. Follow in 30 minutes with sodium sulfate oral cathartic.
After toxin ingestion · 0.5-4 g/kg · PO · Repeat dosing as required if emesis or massive toxin ingestion occurs, or for highly lipid-soluble toxins · As needed · Administer as a slurry in water. General rule: administer at a dose of at least 10 times the volume of intoxicant ingested.

Cats

투여 경로

POOrogastric tubeNasogastric tube

금기

Ingestion of mineral acids or caustic alkalis (ineffective and may obscure endoscopic evaluation)
Patients lacking a gag reflex or actively vomiting (unless airway is protected via intubation)
GI obstruction or perforation

이상반응

Emesis (especially with rapid administration)
Aspiration pneumonia (if aspirated)
Constipation or diarrhea
Black feces
Hypernatremia (especially in small dogs and cats)
Loose stools and vomiting (associated with sorbitol-containing products)

약물 상호작용

Other orally administered therapeutic agents · Charcoal will adsorb other drugs; separate administration by at least 3 hours.
Dairy products · May reduce the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.
Mineral oil · May reduce the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.
Polyethylene glycol / Electrolyte solutions (e.g., Go-Lytely) · May reduce the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.
All orally administered drugs · Reduces the absorption and therefore efficacy of orally administered drugs · major

모니터링

Toxin/drug serum levels (if applicable)
Clinical signs of the specific toxicity
Serum sodium levels (especially if patient develops neurologic signs like tremors, ataxia, or seizures)

과용량

Overdosage or overly rapid administration can cause severe electrolyte abnormalities, specifically **hypernatremia**, due to an osmotic effect pulling water into the GI tract. Treat with reduced sodium fluids (e.g., D5W, 0.45% NaCl) and warm water enemas to alleviate the condition.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.