활성탄
Activated Charcoal
Active carbon
다른 이름: Toxiban · D-Tox-Besc · UAA Gel · CharcoAid · Actidose-Aqua · Charcodote · Liqui-Char · Active carbon · Activated carbon · Carbo activatus · Adsorbent charcoal · Decolorizing carbon · Medicinal charcoal
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal absorbent | 10 mL of a 20% slurry (1 g of charcoal in 5 mL of water) per kg | PO/Orogastric tube | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Acute poisoning | 1-4 g/kg | PO/Nasogastric tube | q4-6h | As needed for toxins that are recirculated | 🌎 NA |
| Acute poisoning | 1-4 g/kg in 50-200 mL of water | PO | Single or repeated doses | — | 🌎 NA |
| Acute poisoning | 1-5 g/kg | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| After toxin ingestion | 0.5-4 g/kg | PO | Repeat dosing as required if emesis or massive toxin ingestion occurs, or for highly lipid-soluble toxins | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Acute poisoning: After decontamination of the GI tract
- Acute poisoning: Concurrent with or within 30 minutes of giving charcoal, give an osmotic cathartic.
- Acute poisoning: Diluted in water at 1 g charcoal/5-10 mL water. Follow in 30 minutes with sodium sulfate oral cathartic.
- After toxin ingestion: Administer as a slurry in water. General rule: administer at a dose of at least 10 times the volume of intoxicant ingested.
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal absorbent | 10 mL of a 20% slurry (1 g of charcoal in 5 mL of water) per kg | PO/Orogastric tube | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Acute poisoning | 1-4 g/kg | PO/Nasogastric tube | q4-6h | As needed for toxins that are recirculated | 🌎 NA |
| Acute poisoning | 1-4 g/kg in 50-200 mL of water | PO | Single or repeated doses | — | 🌎 NA |
| Acute poisoning | 1-5 g/kg | PO | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| After toxin ingestion | 0.5-4 g/kg | PO | Repeat dosing as required if emesis or massive toxin ingestion occurs, or for highly lipid-soluble toxins | As needed | 🌍 EU |
- Acute poisoning: After decontamination of the GI tract
- Acute poisoning: Concurrent with or within 30 minutes of giving charcoal, give an osmotic cathartic.
- Acute poisoning: Diluted in water at 1 g charcoal/5-10 mL water. Follow in 30 minutes with sodium sulfate oral cathartic.
- After toxin ingestion: Administer as a slurry in water. General rule: administer at a dose of at least 10 times the volume of intoxicant ingested.
말
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toxicity | Foals: 250 grams (minimum). Adult horses: up to 750 grams. | Nasogastric tube | Single dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Plant intoxications | 1-5 g/kg | PO | Single or multiple doses | — | 🌎 NA |
- Toxicity: Make a slurry by mixing with up to 4 L of warm water. Leave in stomach for 20-30 minutes and then give a laxative.
- Plant intoxications: Mix with cathartic if no diarrhea is present.
소
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant intoxications | 1-5 g/kg | PO | Single or multiple doses | — | 🌎 NA |
- Plant intoxications: Mix with cathartic (e.g., sodium/magnesium sulfate 250-500 mg/kg or sorbitol 70% 3 ml/kg) if no diarrhea is present.
양
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant intoxications | 1-5 g/kg | PO | Single or multiple doses | — | 🌎 NA |
- Plant intoxications: Mix with cathartic (e.g., sodium/magnesium sulfate 250-500 mg/kg or sorbitol 70% 3 ml/kg) if no diarrhea is present.
염소
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant intoxications | 1-5 g/kg | PO | Single or multiple doses | — | 🌎 NA |
- Plant intoxications: Mix with cathartic (e.g., sodium/magnesium sulfate 250-500 mg/kg or sorbitol 70% 3 ml/kg) if no diarrhea is present.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
활성탄은 매우 다공성인 미세한 검은색 분말로, 특정 독성 물질 및 약물 과다 복용의 응급 처치 시 위장관 흡착제로 사용됩니다.
- 임상 요점: 많은 유기 화합물에 대한 광범위한 흡착제로 작용하지만, 그 효능은 투여 시기(이상적으로는 섭취 후 1~2시간 이내)와 독소의 특정 특성에 크게 좌우됩니다.
- 무기산, 강알칼리, 알코올(에탄올, 메탄올), 황산제일철, 리튬, 질산염, 염화나트륨/염소산염 또는 석유 증류물과 같은 작고 극성이 높거나 수용성인 화합물에는 효과가 없습니다.
- 표면적이 더 넓기 때문에 일반적으로 압축 정제보다 슬러리나 현탁액이 더 효과적입니다.
작용 기전
Activated charcoal possesses an extremely large surface area. It binds to toxins in the upper GI tract via ion-ion interactions, hydrogen bonding, dipole forces, and Van der Waals forces.
- Mechanism: Toxin binds to charcoal in the gut lumen → forms a stable charcoal-toxin complex → prevents systemic absorption → complex is excreted safely in the feces.
- Enterohepatic Recirculation: For drugs that undergo enterohepatic recycling, repeated doses of activated charcoal can act as a "gut dialyzer," pulling systemic toxins back into the GI lumen to be trapped and excreted.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Ingestion of mineral acids or caustic alkalis (ineffective and may obscure endoscopic evaluation)
- Patients lacking a gag reflex or actively vomiting (unless airway is protected via intubation)
- GI obstruction or perforation
부작용
- Emesis (especially with rapid administration)
- Aspiration pneumonia (if aspirated)
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Black feces
- Hypernatremia (especially in small dogs and cats)
- Loose stools and vomiting (associated with sorbitol-containing products)
주의
WARNING: Extreme caution must be used to prevent aspiration, which can lead to severe, potentially fatal aspiration pneumonia. In symptomatic animals, administer via an orogastric tube with a cuffed endotracheal tube in place.
- Hypernatremia Risk: Small dogs and cats are at risk for hypernatremia due to osmotic fluid shifts into the GI tract. Monitor closely.
- Cathartic Use: To prevent severe diarrhea and dehydration, if multiple doses of activated charcoal are administered, only the first dose should contain an osmotic cathartic (e.g., sorbitol).
- Mess Hazard: Charcoal powder stains fabrics easily and dry powder tends to float and cover wide areas.
약물 상호작용
Charcoal will adsorb other drugs; separate administration by at least 3 hours.
May reduce the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.
May reduce the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.
May reduce the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.
Reduces the absorption and therefore efficacy of orally administered drugs
모니터링
- Toxin/drug serum levels (if applicable)
- Clinical signs of the specific toxicity
- Serum sodium levels (especially if patient develops neurologic signs like tremors, ataxia, or seizures)
약동학
흡수
Activated charcoal is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
분포
Remains entirely within the gastrointestinal lumen.
대사
Not metabolized.
배설
Excreted unchanged in the feces as a charcoal-toxin complex.
과다투여
Overdosage or overly rapid administration can cause severe electrolyte abnormalities, specifically hypernatremia, due to an osmotic effect pulling water into the GI tract. Treat with reduced sodium fluids (e.g., D5W, 0.45% NaCl) and warm water enemas to alleviate the condition.
제품
제형
- Granules
- Suspension with Sorbitol
- Gel/Paste
- Oral Powder
동물용의약품
- Toxiban Granules (Activated charcoal 47.5%, Kaolin 10%)
- Toxiban Suspension (Activated charcoal 10.4%, Kaolin 6.25%)
- Toxiban Suspension with Sorbitol (Activated charcoal 10%, Kaolin 6.25%, sorbitol 10%)
- D-Tox-Besc Gel/Paste (Activated Charcoal 10%, Attapulgite 20%, electrolytes)
- UAA (Universal Animal Antidote) Gel
인용의약품
- Activated Charcoal Oral Powder (15 g, 30 g, 40 g, 120 g, 240 g)
- CharcoAid / Actidose with Sorbitol Oral Liquid/Suspension
- CharcoAid 2000 / Actidose-Aqua Liquid/Suspension without sorbitol
- CharcoAid 2000 Oral Granules
규제 현황
Widely available as a general antidote/adsorbent.
Pharmacy (P) classification for some human formulations.
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Store activated charcoal in well-closed glass or metal containers or in the manufacturer's supplied container to prevent exposure to moisture and air.
보호자 정보
중요: 이 약물은 일반적으로 수의사의 전문적인 감독 하에 사용해야 합니다.
- 외래 환자 기준으로 사용하는 경우, 투여 후 최소 4시간 동안 고나트륨혈증과 관련된 징후(쇠약, 불안정, 떨림, 경련)가 나타나는지 반려동물을 관찰해야 합니다. 이러한 증상이 나타나면 즉시 수의사의 진료를 받으십시오.
- 며칠 동안 반려동물의 대변이 검은색을 띨 수 있습니다.
- 경고: 활성탄 분말은 매우 지저분해지기 쉬우며 직물, 카펫, 옷에 영구적인 얼룩을 남길 수 있습니다.
VetSheet 의약품 참고자료는 수의사 전문가의 임상 의사결정 지원을 위한 것이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 약물 정보를 대체할 수 없습니다.