알벤다졸

항기생충제 - 벤즈이미다졸계

알벤다졸(Albendazole)은 **광범위 벤즈이미다졸계 구충제**로, 수의학에서 **선충(회충)**, **조충(촌충)**, **흡충**, 그리고 특정 **원충(예: 지아르디아)**을 포함한 다양한 내부 기생충을 치료하는 데 사용됩니다. * **산업동물 사용**: 소와 양(현탁액 형태)의 다양한 내부 기생충 치료용으로 FDA 승인을 받았습니다. * **소동물 사용**: 특정 감염(예: 폐흡충, 폐선충, 지아르디아)에 허가 외(extra-label)로 사용됩니다. 그러나 **골수 독성**(재생불량성 빈혈) 및 간 기능 장애의 위험으로 인해 개와 고양이에서의 사용은 크게 감소했습니다. 소동물에게는 펜벤다졸과 같은 더 안전한 대안이 선호됩니다. * **특수동물**: 소형 포유류, 조류, 파충류에 허가 외로 사용되나, 특정 종(예: 비둘기, 알파카 새끼)에서는 독성이 관찰되었습니다.

작용 기전: Albendazole exerts its antiparasitic effects by binding selectively to parasite **β-tubulin** → prevents tubulin polymerization → inhibits **microtubule formation**. * This disruption halts intracellular microtubular transport systems and cell division. * At higher concentrations, it disrupts metabolic pathways by inhibiting key enzymes like **malate dehydrogenase** and **fumarate reductase** → impairs glucose uptake and ATP production → leads to parasite starvation and death.

동물 종별 용량

Sheep

Susceptible parasites · 7.5 mg/kg PO (0.75 mL of the suspension per 25 lb. body weight). · PO · Single dose
Adult liver flukes · 7.5 mg/kg PO; 15 mg/kg PO for adult liver flukes · PO · Single dose
Adult liver flukes · 7.6 mg/kg · PO · Single dose
Nematodes · 3 mL of suspension per 100 lbs of body weight PO · PO · Single dose

Goats

Susceptible parasites · 7.5 mg/kg PO (0.75 mL of the suspension per 25 lb. body weight). · PO · Single dose
Adult liver flukes · 7.5 mg/kg PO; 15 mg/kg PO for adult liver flukes · PO · Single dose

Cats

Paragonimus kellicotti · 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 14 days · PO · q12h · 14 days
Giardia · 25 mg/kg PO q12h for 3-5 days · PO · q12h · 3-5 days · May cause bone marrow suppression in dogs and cats.
Liver flukes (Platynosum or Opisthorchiidae families) · 50 mg/kg PO once daily until ova are gone · PO · q24h · Until ova are gone

Cattle

투여 경로

금기

Hepatic failure
Early pregnancy (teratogenic/embryotoxic)
Lactating dairy cattle (of breeding age)
Pigeons and doves (susceptible to toxicity)
Alpaca crias (high risk of fatal neutropenia and sepsis)

이상반응

Anorexia
Lethargy and depression
Vomiting and diarrhea
Hepatic dysfunction
Blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, neutropenia)

약물 상호작용

Cimetidine · Increased albendazole levels in bile and cystic fluid
Dexamethasone · May increase albendazole serum levels
Praziquantel · May increase albendazole serum levels

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (fecal exams)
Adverse effects (especially if used in non-FDA-approved species or at high dosages)
CBCs and liver enzymes (q4-6 weeks) if treating long-term (>1 month)

과용량

Albendazole has a relatively wide margin of safety in ruminants, but massive overdoses are fatal. * **Cattle**: Doses of 300 mg/kg (30X recommended) have caused death. Doses of 45 mg/kg (4.5X recommended) did not cause adverse effects. * **Sheep**: Doses of 200 mg/kg (20X recommended) have caused death. * **Cats**: Receiving 100 mg/kg/day for 14-21 days showed signs of weight loss, neutropenia, and mental dullness.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.