알부민 (인간 및 개 유래)

Albumin (Human and Canine)

Albumin

다른 이름: Albuminar · Albutein · Buminate · Plasbumin · Flexbumin · albumine · HSA · albuinum · Salt-poor albumin

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

albumin deficit (g) = 10 X (serum albumin desired - serum albumin of patient) X body weight (kg) X 0.3. Alternatively, some dogs received 0.5 to 1.25 g/kg.IV· over a 12-hour period· 12 hours

체중— 🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증	용량	경로	빈도	기간	지역
Refractory hypotension or severe hypoalbuminemia (using 25% Human Albumin)	Test dose of 0.25 mL/kg/h is given over 15 minutes. The maximum volume administered to any dog by the author is 25 mL/kg (6.25 g/kg) administered continuously over 72 hours; the mean volume administered to any dog overall is 5 mL/kg (1.25 g/kg). The maximum volume given as a slow push or bolus to treat hypotension is 4 mL/kg (1 gram/kg), with a mean volume of 2 mL/kg (0.5 g/kg). The range for a continuous rate infusion (CRI) after a bolus administration is 0.1 to 1.7 mL/kg/h (0.025-0.425 g/kg) over 4 to 72 hours.	IV	CRI or bolus	4 to 72 hours	🌎 NA
Marked hypoalbuminemia (using 10% Human Albumin)	albumin deficit (g) = 10 X (serum albumin desired - serum albumin of patient) X body weight (kg) X 0.3. Alternatively, some dogs received 0.5 to 1.25 g/kg.	IV	over a 12-hour period	12 hours	🌎 NA
Hypovolemic shock or hypoalbuminemia (using Canine Albumin 5g lyophilized)	A total of 2.5-5 mL/kg body weight is recommended. Administer IV at a dosage rate of 1 mL/min.	IV	Single dose	Until calculated volume is administered	🌎 NA

Refractory hypotension or severe hypoalbuminemia (using 25% Human Albumin): Discontinue infusion if adverse signs develop. Infusions are empirically selected to meet low normal values.
Marked hypoalbuminemia (using 10% Human Albumin): Dilute 25% human albumin to a 10% solution with 0.9% NaCl. Administer with a transfusion filter. No dog is eligible for additional human albumin after 7 days following initial administration.
Hypovolemic shock or hypoalbuminemia (using Canine Albumin 5g lyophilized): Dilute to 16% (add 30 mL of diluent such as sterile normal saline, Normosol or dextrose 5%).

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

알부민은 주로 중환자 치료 환경에서 중증 저알부민혈증 및 저혈량증을 관리하는 데 사용되는 천연 단백질 콜로이드입니다. 혈관 내 교질 삼투압을 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다.

인간 혈청 알부민 (HSA): 접근성이 좋아 수의학에서 자주 사용되지만, 개와 고양이에게 '이종 알부민'으로 사용할 경우 심각하고 치명적일 수 있는 면역 매개성 과민 반응의 위험이 따릅니다.
개 전용 알부민: 동결건조 제품으로 상용화되어 있어 종 특이적 과민 반응의 위험을 크게 줄여주지만, HSA에 비해 임상 데이터는 아직 제한적입니다.

임상 요점: 건강한 개에게 인간 알부민을 사용하는 것(예: 단순한 혈량 확장 목적)은 강력히 권장되지 않습니다. 면역이 억제된 중환자에 비해 심각한 지연형 과민 반응(제3형/혈청병)의 발생률이 더 높게 관찰되기 때문입니다.

작용 기전

Albumin is the primary plasma protein responsible for maintaining intravascular volume.

Oncotic Pressure: Provides 75-80% of the oncotic pressure of plasma → reduces hydrostatic pressure → prevents crystalloid fluids from leaking into the interstitium → decreases edema and improves organ perfusion.
Transport & Binding: Acts as a carrier protein, binding and transporting drugs, ions, hormones, lipids, and metals (like iron).
Endothelial & Systemic Effects: Maintains endothelial integrity, exerts antioxidant properties (via thiol groups), aids in acid-base balance, decreases platelet aggregation, and augments antithrombin activity.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

History of hypersensitivity to albumin (human or canine)
Repeat administration of xeno-albumin (human albumin in dogs) beyond 7 days
Healthy animals with simple volume depletion (avoid xeno-albumin)
Pre-existing conditions resulting in volume overload
Severe anemia or extreme dehydration (unless concurrent RBCs or appropriate crystalloid fluids are administered first)

부작용

Immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, facial edema, vomiting, urticaria, hyperthermia, shock)
Delayed hypersensitivity / Type III serum sickness (lethargy, lameness, peripheral edema, cutaneous lesions/vasculitis, renal failure, coagulopathies)
Volume overload
Diarrhea
Tremors
Perivascular inflammation at catheter sites

주의

Extreme Caution Required: Thoughtful consideration must be taken when deciding to administer human albumin to critically ill dogs due to the high risk of complications.

Hypersensitivity: Both immediate (anaphylactoid) and delayed (Type III/serum sickness) reactions can occur and have been fatal.
Monitoring: Frequent monitoring of vital signs, oncotic pressure, and albumin levels is mandatory.
Infectious Agents: While risk is low, transmission of infectious agents from pooled albumin products is theoretically possible.

약물 상호작용

Highly protein-bound drugs

Exogenous albumin may bind to these drugs, potentially affecting the amount of free (active) drug circulating, though this rarely appears to be clinically significant.

모니터링

Pre- and post-infusion serum albumin (target 2.0-2.5 g/dL)
Pre- and post-infusion colloid osmotic pressure (COP)
Vital signs: body temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and heart rate
Signs of volume overload (e.g., increased respiratory effort, chemosis)
Immediate hypersensitivity (facial edema, vomiting, urticaria)
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (can occur weeks after administration)

약동학

반감기

개8-10 days (canine albumin)

흡수

Administered intravenously, resulting in immediate and complete bioavailability.

분포

Endogenous circulating albumin represents 30-40% of total body albumin. It distributes primarily within the intravascular space but equilibrates with the extravascular space.

대사

Degraded primarily by the vascular endothelium and liver into amino acids.

배설

Elimination of exogenously administered canine albumin is estimated to be between 20-24 days.

과다투여

Overdosage can lead to hyperalbuminemia and hyperproteinemia, resulting in severe volume overload and hyperviscosity. To avoid these effects, serum albumin levels should be closely monitored. Most experts recommend that serum albumin should not exceed 2.5 g/dL (some suggest a strict maximum of 2.0 g/dL) when used clinically.

제품

제형

20% solution (Human)
25% solution (Human)
98% lyophilized powder, 5 g (Canine)

동물용의약품

Albumin, Canine, 98% lyophilized 5 g (without preservatives)

인용의약품

Albumin, Human 5% in 50 mL, 100 mL, 250 mL & 500 mL glass containers
Albumin, Human 25% in 20 mL, 50 mL & 100 mL vials or flex containers

규제 현황

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Human 5% solution: Stable for 3 years if stored below 30°C (89°F). Protect from freezing. Human 20% & 25% solutions: Store below 30°C (86°F). Do not freeze. Human products contain no preservatives; discard any unused portion within 4 hours of entering the vial. Canine lyophilized product: Store refrigerated at 4-6°C. Stable for 15 months. Once rehydrated, store in the refrigerator and use within 24 hours.

보호자 정보

입원 필요: 이 약물은 수의사의 엄격한 감독 하에 입원 및 중환자실 환경에서 투여되어야 합니다.
위험과 이점: 알부민은 혈압을 개선하고 체액 축적을 줄여 생명을 구할 수 있지만, 반려동물에게 인간 알부민을 사용하는 것은 심각한 알레르기 반응의 위험을 수반합니다.
지연형 반응: 반려동물이 퇴원한 후 수일에서 수주 내에 부작용(무기력, 관절통 또는 부종 등)이 발생할 수 있음을 인지하십시오. 비정상적인 징후를 발견하면 즉시 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
비용: 치료 비용이 많이 들 수 있으며 집중적인 모니터링이 필요합니다.

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