알부민 (인간 및 개 유래)

천연 단백질 콜로이드

**알부민**은 주로 중환자 치료 환경에서 중증 저알부민혈증 및 저혈량증을 관리하는 데 사용되는 천연 단백질 콜로이드입니다. 혈관 내 교질 삼투압을 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. * **인간 혈청 알부민 (HSA):** 접근성이 좋아 수의학에서 자주 사용되지만, 개와 고양이에게 '이종 알부민'으로 사용할 경우 심각하고 치명적일 수 있는 면역 매개성 과민 반응의 위험이 따릅니다. * **개 전용 알부민:** 동결건조 제품으로 상용화되어 있어 종 특이적 과민 반응의 위험을 크게 줄여주지만, HSA에 비해 임상 데이터는 아직 제한적입니다. > **임상 요점:** 건강한 개에게 인간 알부민을 사용하는 것(예: 단순한 혈량 확장 목적)은 강력히 권장되지 않습니다. 면역이 억제된 중환자에 비해 심각한 지연형 과민 반응(제3형/혈청병)의 발생률이 더 높게 관찰되기 때문입니다.

작용 기전: Albumin is the primary plasma protein responsible for maintaining intravascular volume. * **Oncotic Pressure:** Provides 75-80% of the oncotic pressure of plasma → reduces hydrostatic pressure → prevents crystalloid fluids from leaking into the interstitium → decreases edema and improves organ perfusion. * **Transport & Binding:** Acts as a carrier protein, binding and transporting drugs, ions, hormones, lipids, and metals (like iron). * **Endothelial & Systemic Effects:** Maintains endothelial integrity, exerts **antioxidant** properties (via thiol groups), aids in acid-base balance, decreases platelet aggregation, and augments antithrombin activity.

동물 종별 용량

Dogs

Refractory hypotension or severe hypoalbuminemia (using 25% Human Albumin) · Test dose of 0.25 mL/kg/h is given over 15 minutes. The maximum volume administered to any dog by the author is 25 mL/kg (6.25 g/kg) administered continuously over 72 hours; the mean volume administered to any dog overall is 5 mL/kg (1.25 g/kg). The maximum volume given as a slow push or bolus to treat hypotension is 4 mL/kg (1 gram/kg), with a mean volume of 2 mL/kg (0.5 g/kg). The range for a continuous rate infusion (CRI) after a bolus administration is 0.1 to 1.7 mL/kg/h (0.025-0.425 g/kg) over 4 to 72 hours. · IV · CRI or bolus · 4 to 72 hours · Discontinue infusion if adverse signs develop. Infusions are empirically selected to meet low normal values.
Marked hypoalbuminemia (using 10% Human Albumin) · albumin deficit (g) = 10 X (serum albumin desired - serum albumin of patient) X body weight (kg) X 0.3. Alternatively, some dogs received 0.5 to 1.25 g/kg. · IV · over a 12-hour period · 12 hours · Dilute 25% human albumin to a 10% solution with 0.9% NaCl. Administer with a transfusion filter. No dog is eligible for additional human albumin after 7 days following initial administration.
Hypovolemic shock or hypoalbuminemia (using Canine Albumin 5g lyophilized) · A total of 2.5-5 mL/kg body weight is recommended. Administer IV at a dosage rate of 1 mL/min. · IV · Single dose · Until calculated volume is administered · Dilute to 16% (add 30 mL of diluent such as sterile normal saline, Normosol or dextrose 5%).

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

금기

History of hypersensitivity to albumin (human or canine)
Repeat administration of xeno-albumin (human albumin in dogs) beyond 7 days
Healthy animals with simple volume depletion (avoid xeno-albumin)
Pre-existing conditions resulting in volume overload
Severe anemia or extreme dehydration (unless concurrent RBCs or appropriate crystalloid fluids are administered first)

이상반응

Immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, facial edema, vomiting, urticaria, hyperthermia, shock)
Delayed hypersensitivity / Type III serum sickness (lethargy, lameness, peripheral edema, cutaneous lesions/vasculitis, renal failure, coagulopathies)
Volume overload
Diarrhea
Tremors
Perivascular inflammation at catheter sites

약물 상호작용

Highly protein-bound drugs · Exogenous albumin may bind to these drugs, potentially affecting the amount of free (active) drug circulating, though this rarely appears to be clinically significant.

모니터링

Pre- and post-infusion serum albumin (target 2.0-2.5 g/dL)
Pre- and post-infusion colloid osmotic pressure (COP)
Vital signs: body temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and heart rate
Signs of volume overload (e.g., increased respiratory effort, chemosis)
Immediate hypersensitivity (facial edema, vomiting, urticaria)
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (can occur weeks after administration)

과용량

Overdosage can lead to **hyperalbuminemia** and **hyperproteinemia**, resulting in severe volume overload and hyperviscosity. To avoid these effects, serum albumin levels should be closely monitored. Most experts recommend that serum albumin should not exceed **2.5 g/dL** (some suggest a strict maximum of 2.0 g/dL) when used clinically.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.