알팍살론

동물 종별 용량

투여 경로

금기

• Concurrent use with other injectable general anesthetic agents (e.g., propofol, thiopental)
• Situations where endotracheal intubation, positive pressure ventilation, and oxygen support are unavailable
• Animals less than 12 weeks of age (safety not established)

이상반응

• Respiratory depression
• Post-induction apnea
• Hypotension (dose-dependent)
• Cardiac arrhythmias (primarily secondary to hypoxemia/hypercapnia)
• Psychomotor excitement during recovery (especially if unstimulated or lacking premedication)

약물 상호작용

• CNS Depressants (e.g., acepromazine, opioids, alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines) · Potentiates the CNS and respiratory depressant effects. Significantly reduces the required induction and maintenance doses of alfaxalone.
• Propofol · Should not be used concurrently according to the manufacturer label.
• Thiopental · Should not be used concurrently according to the manufacturer label.
• Other IV anaesthetic agents · Increased risk of severe CNS and respiratory depression · major
• Premedicants (e.g., sedatives, opioids) · Synergistic CNS depression; significantly reduces the required induction dose of alfaxalone · moderate
• Opioids (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine) · Synergistic CNS depression; reduces the required induction dose of alfaxalone. · moderate
• Alpha-2 agonists (e.g., dexmedetomidine) · Profound synergy; significantly reduces alfaxalone dose requirements and may exacerbate cardiovascular and respiratory depression. · major
• Phenothiazines (e.g., acepromazine) · Enhanced sedation and increased risk of hypotension. · moderate
• Opioids (e.g., butorphanol, methadone) · Synergistic CNS depression; significantly reduces the required induction dose of alfaxalone. · moderate
• Benzodiazepines (e.g., midazolam) · Synergistic CNS depression; reduces alfaxalone dose requirements. · moderate

모니터링

• Level of anesthesia / CNS depression (jaw tone, palpebral reflex)
• Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (capnography and pulse oximetry highly recommended due to apnea risk)
• Cardiovascular status (heart rate, ECG rhythm, blood pressure)
• Body temperature (monitor for hypothermia during anesthesia)

과용량

Overdoses up to 25 mg/kg primarily result in severe cardiorespiratory depression. **Clinical Signs of Toxicity:** * Severe hypoventilation and prolonged apnea * Hypotension * Cardiac arrhythmias **Treatment:** * Immediate endotracheal intubation and positive pressure ventilation with 100% oxygen. * Cardiovascular support (IV fluids, vasopressors/inotropes if hypotension is severe). * Continuous monitoring until the drug is metabolized and cleared.