아미카신

항생제 - 아미노글리코사이드계Critically Important

아미카신은 강력한 아미노글리코사이드계 항생제로, 주로 심각한 그람 음성균 감염, 황색포도상구균 및 노카르디아 종 감염 치료에 사용됩니다. 겐타마이신과 같은 다른 아미노글리코사이드계에 내성이 있는 감염 치료에 특히 유용합니다. **임상 경고**: 생체막 투과성이 낮아 전신 효과를 위해 주사 투여가 필요하며, 중추신경계 및 안구 체액으로의 이행이 매우 제한적입니다. **신독성** 및 **이독성**의 심각한 위험이 있습니다.

작용 기전: Aminoglycosides irreversibly bind to the **30S ribosomal subunit** of susceptible bacteria, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. They exhibit **concentration-dependent killing** → leading to a marked **post-antibiotic effect** (PAE). This allows for prolonged dosing intervals (e.g., q24h), which maximizes bacterial kill rates while minimizing accumulation in renal tubular cells, thereby reducing toxicity.

동물 종별 용량

Dogs

Susceptible bacterial infections · 15-30 mg/kg · IV/IM/SC · q24h · Not specified · IV doses should be given slowly over 30-60 minutes.
Susceptible bacterial infections in Greyhounds and sight hounds · 12 mg/kg · IV/IM/SC · q24h · Not specified · Lower dose recommended due to a lower volume of distribution in these breeds.
Sepsis · Higher than standard doses · IV/IM/SC · q24h · Not specified · Recommended by some authors, but carries an increased risk of adverse effects.
Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder) · Varies · topical · Varies · Not specified · Considered if the site is easily accessible and if the animal shows signs of systemic nephrotoxicity.

Cats

Susceptible bacterial infections · 10-15 mg/kg · IV/IM/SC · q24h · Not specified · IV doses should be given slowly over 30-60 minutes.
Sepsis · Higher than standard doses · IV/IM/SC · q24h · Not specified · Recommended by some authors, but carries an increased risk of adverse effects.
Local infections (e.g., joints, bladder) · Varies · topical · Varies · Not specified · Considered if the site is easily accessible and if the animal shows signs of systemic nephrotoxicity.

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

IVIMSCIntra-articularIntravesical

금기

Animals with pre-existing reduced renal function (unless benefits outweigh risks)
Dehydrated patients (without concurrent fluid therapy)

이상반응

Nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis)
Ototoxicity (vestibular and auditory dysfunction)
Neuromuscular blockade (rare but possible)

약물 상호작용

Beta-lactam antimicrobials (Penicillins, Cephalosporins) · In vivo synergism against susceptible bacteria; however, they can cause in vitro inactivation of amikacin. Do not mix in the same syringe. · moderate
Amphotericin B · Increased risk of severe nephrotoxicity. · major
Furosemide · Increased risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. · major
Heparin · In vitro inactivation of amikacin. Do not mix in the same syringe. · moderate
Neuromuscular blocking agents · Potentiation of neuromuscular blockade. · major

모니터링

Serum amikacin levels (peak for efficacy, trough for toxicity)
Renal function (BUN, serum creatinine, urinalysis for casts/proteinuria)
Hydration status
Auditory and vestibular function (if possible)

과용량

Overdosage significantly increases the risk of **acute tubular necrosis (nephrotoxicity)** and **vestibular/auditory damage (ototoxicity)**. Treatment is supportive. Discontinue the drug immediately and initiate aggressive intravenous fluid therapy to promote diuresis and maintain glomerular filtration rate.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.