아미노필린

기관지 확장제 - 메틸크산틴계

아미노필린은 주로 **소기도 질환** 치료에 사용되는 메틸크산틴계 기관지 확장제입니다. 테오필린과 에틸렌디아민의 안정적인 혼합물입니다(아미노필린 100mg은 테오필린 79mg에 해당). **치료 지수가 낮으므로** 제지방 체중(lean body weight)을 기준으로 신중하게 투여해야 합니다. > **임상 경고:** 중증 심장 질환, 위궤양, 갑상선 기능 항진증, 신장 또는 간 질환, 중증 저산소증 또는 중증 고혈압 환자에게는 주의하여 투여하십시오.

작용 기전: Aminophylline acts via multiple pharmacological pathways: * **Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE)** → increased intracellular cAMP. * Alteration of intracellular calcium levels. * Release of endogenous catecholamines. * **Antagonism of adenosine and prostaglandin receptors**. These mechanisms collectively lead to **bronchodilation**, enhanced mucociliary clearance, stimulation of the respiratory centre, increased sensitivity to PaCO2, increased diaphragmatic contractility, stabilization of mast cells, and a mild inotropic and diuretic effect.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Bronchodilation · 5 mg/kg · PO · q12h
Emergency bronchodilation · 2-5 mg/kg · IV · single dose · Administer slowly and diluted

Dogs

Bronchodilation · 10 mg/kg · PO · q8h · Or slowly i.v. (diluted) for emergency bronchodilation

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

POIV

금기

Patients with a known history of arrhythmias
Patients with a known history of seizures

이상반응

Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Polydipsia (PD)
Polyuria (PU)
Reduced appetite
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Nausea
Twitching
Restlessness
Agitation
Excitement
Convulsions
Hyperaesthesia (especially in cats)
Intense local pain (if given IM)

약물 상호작용

Cimetidine · May increase serum levels of aminophylline · major
Diltiazem · May increase serum levels of aminophylline · moderate
Erythromycin · May increase serum levels of aminophylline · moderate
Fluoroquinolones · May increase serum levels of aminophylline · moderate
Allopurinol · May increase serum levels of aminophylline · moderate
Phenobarbital · May decrease the serum concentration of aminophylline · moderate
Pancuronium · Aminophylline may decrease the effects of pancuronium · moderate
Beta-adrenergic blockers (e.g., propranolol) · May antagonize each other's effects · moderate
Halothane · Increased incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias · major
Ketamine · Increased incidence of seizures · major

모니터링

Plasma aminophylline levels (Therapeutic range: 5-20 μg/ml)
Heart rate and rhythm (ECG if arrhythmias suspected)
CNS signs (agitation, twitching, seizures)
Clinical response (respiratory rate and effort)

과용량

Overdose is directly related to toxic serum concentrations. Clinical signs of toxicity include severe vomiting, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, extreme agitation, hyperaesthesia (especially in cats), and convulsions/seizures. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.