검은과부거미 항독소

해독제 / 항독소

검은과부거미 항독소는 검은과부거미(*Latrodectus mactans*) 물림으로 인한 중독을 치료하는 데 사용되는 생명을 구하는 생물학적 제제입니다. **임상적 진주:** * **종 민감성:** 고양이, 낙타, 말은 검은과부거미 독소에 매우 민감한 것으로 간주됩니다. * **독성 프로파일:** 주요 독성 증상은 독액의 강력한 신경독소(특히 알파-라트로톡신)에 의해 발생하며, 이는 신경전달물질의 대량 방출을 유발하여 심각한 근육 경련, 경직 및 자율신경계 불안정을 초래합니다. * **확보의 어려움:** 희귀종을 위한 항독소는 수의사가 구하기 어려울 수 있습니다. 최신 확보 및 치료 옵션에 대해서는 독극물 관리 센터에 문의하는 것이 강력히 권장됩니다.

작용 기전: Antivenins act by directly neutralizing the complex protein venoms in the patient's systemic circulation. * **Mechanism:** The product provides **passive immunization** via concentrated serum globulins obtained from horses previously immunized with black widow spider venom. * **Pharmacodynamic Pathway:** The antibodies bind to **alpha-latrotoxin** → prevents the toxin from forming pores in presynaptic neuronal membranes → halts the massive, uncoordinated influx of calcium and subsequent depletion of neurotransmitter vesicles (like acetylcholine and norepinephrine). * In humans, clinical symptoms typically begin to subside within 1-2 hours after administration.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Black Widow Spider Envenomation · After reconstituting the antivenin, add to 100 mL of normal saline and administer via slow IV over 30 minutes. Pretreatment with 2-4 mg/kg of diphenhydramine SC may help calm the patient and may possibly protect against allergic reactions from the antivenin. · IV · Single dose · 30 minutes · Monitor inner pinna during infusion for signs of anaphylaxis (hyperemia). If hyperemia occurs, discontinue infusion and give a second dose of diphenhydramine. Benzodiazepines may alleviate muscle cramping.
Black Widow Spider Envenomation · Dissolve contents of one vial and add to 100-200 mL of warm 0.9% NaCl and infuse over 2-6 hours. Administer diphenhydramine at 0.5-1 mg/kg prior to infusion. · IV · Single dose · 2-6 hours

Dogs

Black Widow Spider Envenomation · After reconstituting the antivenin, add to 100 mL of normal saline and administer via slow IV over 30 minutes. Pretreatment with 2-4 mg/kg of diphenhydramine SC may help calm the patient and may possibly protect against allergic reactions from the antivenin. · IV · Single dose · 30 minutes · Monitor inner pinna during infusion for signs of anaphylaxis (hyperemia). If hyperemia occurs, discontinue infusion and give a second dose of diphenhydramine. Benzodiazepines may alleviate muscle cramping.
Black Widow Spider Envenomation · Dissolve contents of one vial and add to 100-200 mL of warm 0.9% NaCl and infuse over 2-6 hours. Administer diphenhydramine at 0.5-1 mg/kg prior to infusion. · IV · Single dose · 2-6 hours

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

금기

Known severe hypersensitivity to equine serum (relative contraindication in life-threatening envenomation)

이상반응

Anaphylaxis (incidence <2%)
Anaphylactoid reactions (nausea, pruritus, hyperemia of the inner pinna)
Serum sickness (delayed hypersensitivity)

약물 상호작용

Beta-blockers · May mask the early signs associated with anaphylaxis

모니터링

Signs associated with an allergic response to the antivenin (anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid-reactions, serum sickness)
Respiratory/cardiac rate
Blood pressure
Serum chemistry (blood glucose mandatory)
CBC
Urine output; urinalysis

과용량

Specific overdosage information is not provided. However, excessive administration of serum products increases the risk of volume overload and severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and serum sickness.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.