북미 산호뱀 항독소
North American Coral Snake Antivenin
Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius)
다른 이름: North American Coral Snake Antivenin · Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius)
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coral Snake envenomation | 1-2 vials initially, and more in 4-6 hours if necessary | IV | initially, and more in 4-6 hours if necessary | — | 🌎 NA |
| Coral Snake envenomation | 1-2 vials of antivenin. Initially give one vial, by diluting to 100-250 mL of crystalloid fluids and initially administering by slow IV . In smaller patients, adjust infusion volume to prevent fluid overload. Give additional vials as indicated by the progression of the syndrome. | slow IV | Initially, then as indicated | — | 🌎 NA |
- Coral Snake envenomation: Therapy is best started within 4 hours after envenomation. Supportive care includes broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluid therapy and mechanical ventilation if necessary. Corticosteroids are not recommended.
- Coral Snake envenomation: Dose necessary is calculated relative to the amount of venom injected and the body mass of patient. Smaller patients may require higher doses (as venom amount/kg body weight is higher).
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coral Snake envenomation | 1-2 vials of antivenin. Initially give one vial, by diluting to 100-250 mL of crystalloid fluids and initially administering by slow IV . In smaller patients, adjust infusion volume to prevent fluid overload. Give additional vials as indicated by the progression of the syndrome. | slow IV | Initially, then as indicated | — | 🌎 NA |
- Coral Snake envenomation: Dose necessary is calculated relative to the amount of venom injected and the body mass of patient. Smaller patients may require higher doses.
말
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coral Snake envenomation (systemic effects) | Administer 1-2 vials slowly IV diluted in 250-500 mL saline or lactated Ringer's. | IV | Once, use only if necessary | — | 🌎 NA |
- Coral Snake envenomation (systemic effects): Use only if necessary to treat systemic effects, otherwise avoid use. Administer antihistamines; corticosteroids are contraindicated. May be used with Crotilidae antivenin.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
북미 산호뱀 항독소는 동부 산호뱀 및 텍사스 산호뱀 교상에 의한 중독을 치료하기 위한 특이적 해독제입니다. 소노란/애리조나 산호뱀의 독은 중화하지 못합니다. 산호뱀 독은 주로 신경독성을 일으키며 임상 증상이 지연되어 나타날 수 있으므로, 교상이 의심되는 동물은 24~48시간 동안 입원하여 집중 관찰하는 것이 권장됩니다.
작용 기전
Antivenins provide passive immunity by supplying pre-formed neutralizing antibodies (globulins) derived from horses hyperimmunized with coral snake venom.
- Mechanism: The antibodies directly bind to the complex venom proteins (specifically alpha-neurotoxins) in the patient's bloodstream.
- Pathway: Venom-antibody binding → prevents neurotoxins from attaching to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction → halts the progression of flaccid paralysis and respiratory depression.
- Each vial neutralizes approximately 2 mg of M. fulvius fulvius venom.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Envenomation by Sonoran or Arizona Coral Snake (Micruroides euryxanthus)
부작용
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Anaphylaxis (incidence <2%)
- Anaphylactoid reactions
- Serum sickness
- Erythema and wheal formation (at injection site during sensitivity testing)
주의
Anaphylaxis Risk: High risk of hypersensitivity reactions due to the equine serum origin.
- Sensitivity Testing: A 1:10 dilution given intracutaneously (0.02-0.03 mL) may be used to test for hypersensitivity (wheal/erythema within 30 mins indicates a positive reaction). Note: A negative test does not guarantee anaphylaxis won't occur.
- Pretreatment: Diphenhydramine is often recommended prior to administration.
- Management: If an anaphylactoid reaction occurs, stop the infusion, give additional diphenhydramine, and restart 5 minutes later at a slower rate.
- Pregnancy: FDA Category C.
약물 상호작용
May mask the clinical signs associated with the venom; use initially with caution.
Theoretical potentiation of venom, though undocumented. Diphenhydramine is routinely used by clinicians for pretreatment.
May mask the early signs associated with anaphylaxis.
Contraindicated for the treatment of snakebite envenomation itself, but may be useful to treat secondary anaphylaxis.
모니터링
- Signs associated with an allergic response to the antivenin (anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid-reactions, serum sickness)
- Cardiorespiratory monitoring
- Mechanical ventilation parameters (if necessary)
- Pulse oximetry
과다투여
Specific overdosage information is not provided, but in smaller patients, care must be taken to adjust the infusion volume of the crystalloid diluent to prevent fluid overload.
제품
제형
- Powder for Injection lyophilized (with diluent)
인용의약품
- Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) Powder for Injection lyophilized: in single-use vials with 1 vial diluent (10 mL water for injection) (Ayerst)
규제 현황
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Product should be stored in the refrigerator. Avoid freezing and excessive heat. Reconstitute vial with 10 mL of the supplied diluent. Gentle agitation may be used to hasten dissolution of the lyophilized powder. Reconstituted vials should be used within 48 hours (keep refrigerated) and within 12 hours once added to IV solutions.
보호자 정보
반려동물이 산호뱀에 물린 것으로 의심되면 즉시 응급 수의사의 진료를 받으십시오. 쇠약이나 호흡 곤란과 같은 증상은 1224시간 지연되어 나타날 수 있으므로 12일간의 입원 관찰이 필요합니다. 이 해독제는 말 혈청으로 만들어졌기 때문에 심각한 알레르기 반응의 위험이 있습니다. 또한 항독소 및 집중 치료를 포함한 치료 비용은 매우 비쌀 수 있습니다.
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