북미 산호뱀 항독소

해독제 / 항독소

**북미 산호뱀 항독소**는 **동부 산호뱀** 및 **텍사스 산호뱀** 교상에 의한 중독을 치료하기 위한 특이적 해독제입니다. 소노란/애리조나 산호뱀의 독은 중화하지 못합니다. 산호뱀 독은 주로 **신경독성**을 일으키며 임상 증상이 지연되어 나타날 수 있으므로, 교상이 의심되는 동물은 24~48시간 동안 입원하여 집중 관찰하는 것이 권장됩니다.

작용 기전: Antivenins provide **passive immunity** by supplying pre-formed neutralizing antibodies (globulins) derived from horses hyperimmunized with coral snake venom. * **Mechanism:** The antibodies directly bind to the complex venom proteins (specifically **alpha-neurotoxins**) in the patient's bloodstream. * **Pathway:** Venom-antibody binding → prevents neurotoxins from attaching to **nicotinic acetylcholine receptors** at the neuromuscular junction → halts the progression of flaccid paralysis and respiratory depression. * Each vial neutralizes approximately 2 mg of *M. fulvius fulvius* venom.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Coral Snake envenomation · 1-2 vials of antivenin. Initially give one vial, by diluting to 100-250 mL of crystalloid fluids and initially administering by slow IV . In smaller patients, adjust infusion volume to prevent fluid overload. Give additional vials as indicated by the progression of the syndrome. · slow IV · Initially, then as indicated · Dose necessary is calculated relative to the amount of venom injected and the body mass of patient. Smaller patients may require higher doses.

Horses

Coral Snake envenomation (systemic effects) · Administer 1-2 vials slowly IV diluted in 250-500 mL saline or lactated Ringer's. · IV · Once, use only if necessary · Use only if necessary to treat systemic effects, otherwise avoid use. Administer antihistamines; corticosteroids are contraindicated. May be used with Crotilidae antivenin.

Dogs

Coral Snake envenomation · 1-2 vials initially, and more in 4-6 hours if necessary · IV · initially, and more in 4-6 hours if necessary · Therapy is best started within 4 hours after envenomation. Supportive care includes broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluid therapy and mechanical ventilation if necessary. Corticosteroids are not recommended.
Coral Snake envenomation · 1-2 vials of antivenin. Initially give one vial, by diluting to 100-250 mL of crystalloid fluids and initially administering by slow IV . In smaller patients, adjust infusion volume to prevent fluid overload. Give additional vials as indicated by the progression of the syndrome. · slow IV · Initially, then as indicated · Dose necessary is calculated relative to the amount of venom injected and the body mass of patient. Smaller patients may require higher doses (as venom amount/kg body weight is higher).

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

IVIntracutaneous (for sensitivity testing)

금기

Envenomation by Sonoran or Arizona Coral Snake (Micruroides euryxanthus)

이상반응

Hypersensitivity reactions
Anaphylaxis (incidence <2%)
Anaphylactoid reactions
Serum sickness
Erythema and wheal formation (at injection site during sensitivity testing)

약물 상호작용

Analgesics / Sedatives · May mask the clinical signs associated with the venom; use initially with caution.
Antihistamines · Theoretical potentiation of venom, though undocumented. Diphenhydramine is routinely used by clinicians for pretreatment.
Beta-blockers · May mask the early signs associated with anaphylaxis.
Corticosteroids · Contraindicated for the treatment of snakebite envenomation itself, but may be useful to treat secondary anaphylaxis.

모니터링

Signs associated with an allergic response to the antivenin (anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid-reactions, serum sickness)
Cardiorespiratory monitoring
Mechanical ventilation parameters (if necessary)
Pulse oximetry

과용량

Specific overdosage information is not provided, but in smaller patients, care must be taken to adjust the infusion volume of the crystalloid diluent to prevent **fluid overload**.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.