아프라마이신

아미노글리코사이드계 항생제

**아프라마이신**은 아미노사이클리톨계 항생제(아미노글리코사이드계와 밀접한 관련이 있음)로, 주로 돼지의 대장균증, 송아지 및 가금류의 장내 세균 감염 치료를 위해 수의학에서 사용됩니다. 미국에서는 더 이상 시판되지 않지만 국제적으로는 계속 사용되고 있습니다. 다양한 그람 음성균에 대한 효능이 뛰어납니다. 성체 동물의 위장관에서는 잘 흡수되지 않기 때문에 국소 장내 감염에 매우 효과적입니다. 그러나 **신생아는 약물을 전신으로 흡수할 수 있어** 전형적인 아미노글리코사이드 독성(신독성 및 이독성)의 위험이 증가할 수 있습니다.

작용 기전: Apramycin is **bactericidal**. It actively transports across the bacterial cell membrane and binds irreversibly to the **30S ribosomal subunit** → interferes with mRNA translation → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. It is active against many gram-negative bacteria (e.g., *E. coli*, *Pseudomonas*, *Salmonella*, *Klebsiella*, *Proteus*, *Pasturella*, *Treponema hyodysenteriae*, *Bordetella bronchiseptica*), as well as *Staphylococcus* and *Mycoplasma*.

동물 종별 용량

Cattle

Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms · 20-40 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water · PO · daily
Colibacillosis or salmonellosis (Calves) · 1-2 sachets to be administered in the drinking water, milk, or milk replacer to provide 20-40 mg of apramycin activity per kg of bodyweight daily according to the severity of the disease. Continue treatment for 5 days. · PO · daily · 5 days

Birds

Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms (Poultry) · To be administered via drinking water to provide 250-500 mg of apramycin activity per liter for 5 days. This may be achieved by adding 50 g apramycin per 100-200 liters of water. · PO · daily · 5 days

Swine

Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms · Treated pigs should consume enough water to receive 12.5 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days. Add to drinking water at a rate of 375 mg per gallon. After adding to water, stir and allow to stand for 15 minutes, then stir again. · PO · daily · 7 days
Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms · 20-40 mg/kg PO daily in drinking water · PO · daily
Bacterial enteritis caused by susceptible organisms · Pigs: To be administered via the drinking water. Add 1 small measure (4.4 mL) or 1 sachet of soluble powder per 20 L of drinking water. · PO · daily

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

금기

Known hypersensitivity to apramycin
Cats
Patients with myasthenia gravis

이상반응

Ototoxicity (if systemically absorbed)
Nephrotoxicity (if systemically absorbed)

약물 상호작용

Neuromuscular blockers · Potential for enhanced neuromuscular blockade (extrapolated from neomycin)
Nephrotoxic or Ototoxic drugs · Additive toxicity risk if apramycin is systemically absorbed (extrapolated from neomycin)

모니터링

Clinical efficacy
Renal function (if systemic absorption is suspected)

과용량

If substantial amounts of the drug are absorbed systemically (e.g., in neonates or massive overdose), both ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are a distinct possibility. Treatment is supportive, focusing on maintaining hydration and renal perfusion.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.