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아테놀롤

Atenolol

Atenololum (ICI-66082)

베타-아드레날린 차단제PO고양이페렛

다른 이름: Tenormin · Atenololum · ICI-66082

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

0.3-0.6 mg/kg PO q12hPO· q12h
🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Cardiac arrhythmias, obstructive heart disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, etc.0.3-0.6 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA
Moderate to severe sub-valvular aortic stenosis (SAS)0.5-1 mg/kg PO twice a dayPOq12h🌎 NA
To attempt to decrease syncopal episodes associated with pulmonic stenosis0.25-1 mg/kg PO twice a dayPOq12h🌎 NA
Hypertension0.25-1 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA
  • Cardiac arrhythmias, obstructive heart disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, etc.: For refractory VTach combine with mexiletine (5-8 mg/kg PO q8h)

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Treatment of hypertension or cardiac conditions (e.g., hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)3 mg/kg PO q12h (or 6.25 -12.5 mg total dose) PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA
Treatment of hypertension or cardiac conditions6.25-12.5 mg (total dose per cat) q12hPOq12h🌎 NA
Treatment of choice for hyperthyroid, hypertensive cats6.25-12.5 mg (total dose) PO q12-24hPOq12-24h🌎 NA
  • Treatment of choice for hyperthyroid, hypertensive cats: Beta-blockers are rarely sufficient alone to treat hypertension due to other causes.

페렛

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy6.25 mg (total dose) PO once dailyPOq24h🌎 NA
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy3.13-6.25 mg (total dose) PO once dailyPOq24h🌎 NA

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

아테놀롤은 주로 소동물의 전신 고혈압 및 빈맥성 부정맥 관리에 사용되는 심장 선택성 베타 차단제입니다. 폐부종을 동반하지 않은 비대성 심근병증(HCM) 고양이에서 동적 유출로 폐쇄를 줄이고 이완기 충만을 개선하기 위해 자주 사용됩니다.

​주요 특징:​

  • ​심장 선택성:​ 일반적인 용량에서 베타-2 활성이 최소화되어 프로프라놀롤과 같은 비선택적 베타 차단제보다 천식이나 기관지 경련 환자에게 비교적 안전하게 사용할 수 있습니다.
  • ​음성 변력 작용:​ 울혈성 심부전(CHF), 신부전 또는 동기능 부전 증후군 환자에게는 극도로 주의하여 사용해야 합니다.
  • ​대사적 영향:​ 고용량은 갑상선 기능 항진증이나 저혈당증의 임상 증상을 은폐할 수 있습니다. 또한 고혈당 또는 저혈당을 유발할 수 있으므로 혈당 변화가 심한 당뇨병 환자에게는 주의가 필요합니다.

​임상 요점:​ 프로프라놀롤과 달리 아테놀롤은 친수성이 매우 높습니다. 지용성이 낮아 혈액뇌장벽을 거의 통과하지 않으므로 중추신경계(CNS) 부작용(무기력 또는 우울증 등)이 현저히 적습니다. 주로 신장을 통해 변하지 않은 상태로 배설되므로 심각한 신기능 장애가 있는 환자의 경우 용량 조절이 필요할 수 있습니다.

작용 기전

Atenolol acts as a competitive, relatively specific antagonist at ​β1-adrenergic receptors​ located primarily in the myocardium.

  • ​Pathway:​ Blockade of β1-receptors → decreased intracellular cAMP → reduced intracellular calcium influx.
  • ​Cardiovascular Effects:​ This leads to negative chronotropic (decreased sinus heart rate) and negative inotropic (decreased contractility) effects. It slows AV conduction, diminishes cardiac output at rest and during exercise, and significantly decreases myocardial oxygen demand.
  • ​Blood Pressure:​ Reduces systemic blood pressure through decreased cardiac output and potentially decreased renin release from the kidneys.
  • ​Selectivity Loss:​ At higher dosages, β1 specificity may be lost, leading to ​β2-receptor​ blockade (which can cause bronchoconstriction and peripheral vasoconstriction).
  • Atenolol lacks intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) and membrane-stabilizing activity.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Overt heart failure
  • Hypersensitivity to beta-blockers
  • Greater than first-degree heart block
  • Sinus bradycardia
  • Cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with accompanying pulmonary edema

부작용

  • Lethargy
  • Hypotension
  • Diarrhea
  • Bradycardia
  • Inappetence
  • Depression
  • Impaired AV conduction
  • Worsening of heart failure
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Syncope
  • Bronchoconstriction (rare at normal doses)

주의

​Withdrawal Warning:​ Exacerbation of symptoms has been reported following abrupt cessation of beta-blockers. It is highly recommended to withdraw therapy gradually in patients who have been receiving the drug chronically.

  • ​Renal Impairment:​ Use cautiously in patients with significant renal insufficiency as the drug is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.
  • ​Endocrine:​ Can mask clinical signs associated with hypoglycemia and thyrotoxicosis. Use cautiously in labile diabetic patients as it can cause hypo- or hyperglycemia.
  • ​Cardiac:​ Use cautiously in patients with sinus node dysfunction. Non-specific beta-blockers are generally contraindicated in patients with CHF unless secondary to a tachyarrhythmia responsive to beta-blocker therapy.

약물 상호작용

Anesthetics (myocardial depressants)

Additive myocardial depression may occur with concurrent use.

Calcium-Channel Blockers (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine)

Concurrent use should be done with caution due to additive negative inotropic effects, particularly in patients with preexisting cardiomyopathy or CHF.

Clonidine

Atenolol may exacerbate rebound hypertension after stopping clonidine therapy.

Furosemide, Hydralazine, or other hypotensive drugs

May increase the hypotensive effects of atenolol.

Phenothiazines

Concurrent use may exhibit enhanced hypotensive effects.

Reserpine

Potential for additive effects including hypotension and bradycardia.

Sympathomimetics (e.g., metaproterenol, terbutaline, epinephrine, phenylpropanolamine)

May have their actions blocked by atenolol, and they may in turn reduce the efficacy of atenolol.

모니터링

  • Cardiac function
  • Pulse rate
  • ECG (if necessary)
  • Blood pressure (if indicated)
  • Signs of toxicity (lethargy, hypotension, bradycardia)

약동학

반감기

고양이3.7 hours3.2 hours

흡수

Absorbed rapidly. Bioavailability is approximately 90% in cats, but only 50-60% in humans.

분포

Very low protein binding (5-15%) and distributed well into most tissues. Low lipid solubility; only small amounts distribute into the CNS. Crosses the placenta and levels in milk are higher than those found in plasma.

대사

Minimally biotransformed in the liver.

배설

40-50% is excreted unchanged in the urine and the bulk of the remainder is excreted in the feces unchanged (unabsorbed drug). Duration of beta blockade effect in cats persists for about 12 hours.

과다투여

Common clinical signs of overdose include lethargy and vomiting. Severe overdose represents extensions of the drug's pharmacologic effects: hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm, cardiac failure, hypoglycemia, and hyperkalemia.

​Treatment:​

  • If recent oral ingestion: consider emptying the gut and administering activated charcoal.
  • ​Monitor:​ ECG, blood glucose, potassium, and blood pressure.
  • ​Cardiovascular support:​ Symptomatic treatment. Use fluids and pressor agents (dopamine or norepinephrine) for hypotension.
  • ​Bradycardia:​ Treat with atropine. If atropine fails, isoproterenol given cautiously is recommended.
  • ​Metabolic:​ Insulin and dextrose may be needed for hyperkalemia and hypoglycemia.
  • ​Advanced support:​ A transvenous pacemaker may be necessary. Cardiac failure can be treated with a digitalis glycoside, diuretics, and oxygen.
  • ​Antidote:​ Glucagon (5-10 mg IV; human dose) may increase heart rate and blood pressure and reduce the cardiodepressant effects of atenolol.

제품

제형

  • Oral tablets
  • Oral suspension (compounded)

인용의약품

  • Atenolol Oral Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, & 100 mg; Tenormin® (AstraZeneca); generic; (Rx)
  • Also available in an oral fixed dose combination product with chlorthalidone.

규제 현황

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Tablets should be stored at room temperature and protected from heat, light, and moisture. Atenolol preparations are most stable at pH 4 and should be protected from ultraviolet light to prevent decomposition. ​Compounding Note:​ Atenolol oral suspensions should NOT be compounded with sugar-containing vehicles (like simple syrup), as sugars reduce potency to <90% within 7-14 days. Suspensions compounded with sugar-free vehicles (Ora-Plus/Ora-Sweet SF) retain >90% potency for 90 days at 5°C and 25°C.

보호자 정보

  • ​규칙적인 투약:​ 효과를 보려면 수의사가 처방한 대로 반려동물에게 모든 용량을 정확히 투여해야 합니다.
  • ​갑자기 중단하지 마십시오:​ 수의사와 상의 없이 이 약의 투여를 갑자기 중단하지 마십시오. 심박수와 혈압이 위험하게 급상승할 수 있습니다. 약을 중단해야 하는 경우 점진적으로 줄여야 합니다.
  • ​부작용 관찰:​ 반려동물이 평소보다 무기력해지거나, 운동을 힘들어하거나, 숨가쁨이나 기침이 발생하거나, 행동이나 태도에 갑작스러운 변화가 보이면 즉시 수의사에게 알리십시오.
  • ​알약 분할:​ 지시에 따라 적절한 용량을 맞추기 위해 알약을 부수거나 1/4 또는 절반으로 쪼갤 수 있습니다.

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