아트로핀

항콜린제 / 부교감신경 차단제

**아트로핀 (Atropine)** 은 수의학에서 서맥 치료, 안과 검사를 위한 산동, 특정 독성(유기인제 및 카바메이트 등) 관리에 주로 사용되는 대표적인 항콜린제입니다. 또한 신경근 차단 길항 시 항콜린에스테라제 약물과 함께 사용됩니다. > **임상 경고:** 마취 전 투약으로 일상적인 투여는 더 이상 권장되지 않습니다. 심박수를 모니터링하고 필요 시 낮은 심박수를 관리하기 위해 아트로핀을 투여하는 것이 좋습니다.

작용 기전: Atropine competitively **blocks the action of acetylcholine** at **muscarinic receptors** located at the terminal ends of the parasympathetic nervous system. This blockade → reverses parasympathetic effects → produces **mydriasis** (pupil dilation), **tachycardia**, **bronchodilation**, and general inhibition of gastrointestinal function.

동물 종별 용량

Dogs

Ophthalmic (mydriasis) · 1 drop in the affected eye · topical · q12-24h to cause mydriasis, then once q24-96h to maintain mydriasis
Bradyarrhythmias · 0.01-0.03 mg/kg i.v. or 0.03-0.04 mg/kg i.m. · IV/IM · PRN · Low doses may exacerbate bradycardia; repetition of the dose will usually promote an increase in heart rate. IM dose can be given to prevent development of bradycardia during administration of potent opioids such as fentanyl.
Organophosphate poisoning · 0.2-0.5 mg/kg (¼ dose i.v., ¾ i.m., s.c.) to effect; repeat as necessary; or 0.1-0.2 mg/kg (½ i.v., ½ i.m.) then i.m. q6h · IV/IM/SC · PRN or q6h
Neuromuscular blockade antagonism · 0.04 mg/kg i.v. · IV · PRN · with edrophonium (0.5-1.0 mg/kg)

Cats

Ophthalmic (mydriasis) · 1 drop in the affected eye · topical · q12-24h to cause mydriasis, then once q24-96h to maintain mydriasis
Bradyarrhythmias · 0.01-0.03 mg/kg i.v. or 0.03-0.04 mg/kg i.m. · IV/IM · PRN · Low doses may exacerbate bradycardia; repetition of the dose will usually promote an increase in heart rate. IM dose can be given to prevent development of bradycardia during administration of potent opioids such as fentanyl.
Organophosphate poisoning · 0.2-0.5 mg/kg (¼ dose i.v., ¾ i.m., s.c.) to effect; repeat as necessary; or 0.1-0.2 mg/kg (½ i.v., ½ i.m.) then i.m. q6h · IV/IM/SC · PRN or q6h
Neuromuscular blockade antagonism · 0.04 mg/kg i.v. · IV · PRN · with edrophonium (0.5-1.0 mg/kg)

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

IMIVOphthalmic

금기

Glaucoma
Lens luxation
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS / dry eye)

이상반응

Sinus tachycardia
Blurred vision (due to mydriasis)
Drying of bronchial secretions
Increased intraocular pressure (IOP)
Reduced tear production
Ventricular arrhythmias
Hypersalivation (especially in cats, due to bitter taste of ophthalmic drops)
Ileus (rare in small animals)
Vomiting (rare in small animals)

약물 상호작용

Bromides, iodides, sodium bicarbonate, alkalis, noradrenaline · Incompatible when mixed together · major
Antihistamines · May enhance the activity of atropine · moderate
Pethidine · May enhance the activity of atropine · moderate
Benzodiazepines · May enhance the activity of atropine · moderate
Phenothiazines · May enhance the activity of atropine · moderate
Thiazide diuretics · May enhance the activity of atropine · moderate
Sympathomimetics · May enhance the activity of atropine · moderate
Alpha-2 agonists · Combining is not recommended · major
Amitraz · May aggravate toxicity signs, leading to hypertension and gut stasis · major
Tricyclic Antidepressants · Additive anticholinergic effects · moderate
Alpha-2 Agonists (e.g., Dexmedetomidine) · May cause paradoxical hypertension and significantly increased myocardial workload; concurrent use is generally discouraged · major
Metoclopramide · Atropine antagonizes the prokinetic effects of metoclopramide on the GI tract · moderate

모니터링

Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
Pupillary light reflex and pupil size
Intraocular pressure (IOP)
Tear production (Schirmer Tear Test)

과용량

Overdose may lead to severe sinus tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias (which may be treated with lidocaine if severe), extreme mydriasis, severe drying of secretions, and gastrointestinal stasis.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.