세프타지딤

3세대 세팔로스포린계 항생제Critically Important

세프타지딤은 강력한 **3세대 세팔로스포린계 주사용 항생제**로, 주로 다른 약물에 내성이 있는 심각한 **그람 음성균** 감염(특히 녹농균 *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*) 치료에 사용됩니다. 파충류에서 반감기가 매우 길어 특수동물 수의학에서 특히 유용하며, 투여 간격을 길게(예: 3일에 1회) 할 수 있습니다. 일반적으로 정맥, 근육 또는 피하 주사로 투여됩니다.

작용 기전: Ceftazidime is a **bactericidal** time-dependent antibiotic. It binds to specific **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** located inside the bacterial cell wall → inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking) → weakens the cell wall → leads to cell lysis and death due to osmotic instability. *Note: While it retains some gram-positive activity from earlier generations, its primary strength is its expanded gram-negative spectrum, including antipseudomonal activity.*

동물 종별 용량

Dogs

Initial antibiotic therapy of gram-negative infections · 25 mg/kg · IM or SC · q8-12h
Initial treatment of orthopedic infections · 25 mg/kg · IV, IM · q8-12h
Initial treatment of soft tissue infections · 30-50 mg/kg · IV, IM · q8-12h
Initial treatment of sepsis, bacteremia · 15-30 mg/kg · IV, IM · q6-8h
Susceptible infections · 30 mg/kg · IV/IM/SC · q8h · Empirical dose; maintain tissue concentrations above MIC.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections · 30 mg/kg · IV/IM/SC · q4h · Increased frequency required for Pseudomonas.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections (CRI) · 4.4 mg/kg loading dose followed by 4.1 mg/kg/h · IV · CRI · Continuous rate infusion to maintain time > MIC.

Cats

Initial treatment of systemic infections · 25-30 mg/kg · IV, IM or intraosseous · q8-12h
Susceptible infections · 30 mg/kg · IM · q8h · Empirical dose.
Pseudomonas infections · 30 mg/kg · IM · q2-4h · More frequent dosing recommended for Pseudomonas.

Reptiles

Susceptible infections · 20 mg/kg · IM or SC · q72hours (every 3 days)
Bacterial infections in snakes (particularly Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa) · 20 mg/kg · IM · q72h · Maintain at 30°C
Chelonians · 50 mg/kg · IM · q24h

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

IMIVSCIntraosseous

금기

Known hypersensitivity or prior allergic reaction to cephalosporins

이상반응

Pain at IM injection site (SC may be less painful)
Gastrointestinal effects (diarrhea, vomiting)
Hypersensitivity reactions (allergic reactions)
Granulocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Mild azotemia
Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile)
Increased serum liver enzymes (reported in humans)

약물 상호작용

Aminoglycosides / Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., amphotericin B) · Potential additive nephrotoxicity. In vitro synergy exists against certain bacteria, but they must NOT be mixed in the same syringe or fluid bag (administer separately).
Chloramphenicol · May be antagonistic to ceftazidime's bactericidal effects on gram-negative bacilli; concurrent use is not recommended.
Oxytetracycline · Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime. · moderate
Erythromycin · Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime. · moderate
Amphotericin B · Increased risk of nephrotoxicity when used concurrently. · major
Furosemide · Loop diuretics may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. · moderate
Aminoglycosides · Synergistic in vivo against Pseudomonas; however, chemically incompatible in vitro (do not mix in the same syringe). · major

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection signs)
Baseline and ongoing renal function (BUN, Creatinine, Urinalysis)
Injection site for signs of pain or inflammation

과용량

An acute overdose in patients with normal renal function is unlikely to be of great concern. However, in patients with **renal failure**, overdosage of ceftazidime has caused seizures, encephalopathy, coma, neuromuscular excitability, asterixis, and myoclonia. **Treatment:** Primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis could be used to enhance elimination.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.