세프타지딤
Ceftazidime
Ceftazidimum
다른 이름: Fortaz · Ceptaz · Tazicef · Tazidime · Fortum · Ceftazidimum · GR-20263 · LY-139381
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial antibiotic therapy of gram-negative infections | 25 mg/kg | IM or SC | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Initial treatment of orthopedic infections | 25 mg/kg | IV, IM | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Initial treatment of soft tissue infections | 30-50 mg/kg | IV, IM | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Initial treatment of sepsis, bacteremia | 15-30 mg/kg | IV, IM | q6-8h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 30 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q8h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections | 30 mg/kg | IV/IM/SC | q4h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections (CRI) | 4.4 mg/kg loading dose followed by 4.1 mg/kg/h | IV | CRI | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Empirical dose; maintain tissue concentrations above MIC.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: Increased frequency required for Pseudomonas.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections (CRI): Continuous rate infusion to maintain time > MIC.
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial treatment of systemic infections | 25-30 mg/kg | IV, IM or intraosseous | q8-12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 30 mg/kg | IM | q8h | — | 🌍 EU |
| Pseudomonas infections | 30 mg/kg | IM | q2-4h | — | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Empirical dose.
- Pseudomonas infections: More frequent dosing recommended for Pseudomonas.
파충류
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 20 mg/kg | IM or SC | q72hours (every 3 days) | — | 🌎 NA |
| Bacterial infections in snakes (particularly Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa) | 20 mg/kg | IM | q72h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Chelonians | 50 mg/kg | IM | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Bacterial infections in snakes (particularly Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa): Maintain at 30°C
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
세프타지딤은 강력한 3세대 세팔로스포린계 주사용 항생제로, 주로 다른 약물에 내성이 있는 심각한 그람 음성균 감염(특히 녹농균 Pseudomonas aeruginosa) 치료에 사용됩니다. 파충류에서 반감기가 매우 길어 특수동물 수의학에서 특히 유용하며, 투여 간격을 길게(예: 3일에 1회) 할 수 있습니다. 일반적으로 정맥, 근육 또는 피하 주사로 투여됩니다.
작용 기전
Ceftazidime is a bactericidal time-dependent antibiotic.
It binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall → inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking) → weakens the cell wall → leads to cell lysis and death due to osmotic instability.
Note: While it retains some gram-positive activity from earlier generations, its primary strength is its expanded gram-negative spectrum, including antipseudomonal activity.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Known hypersensitivity or prior allergic reaction to cephalosporins
부작용
- Pain at IM injection site (SC may be less painful)
- Gastrointestinal effects (diarrhea, vomiting)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (allergic reactions)
- Granulocytopenia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Mild azotemia
- Pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile)
- Increased serum liver enzymes (reported in humans)
주의
Renal Impairment: Because the drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys, accumulation may result in patients with significantly impaired renal function. Use with caution and adjust the dose as required.
- Cross-Reactivity: Up to 16% of humans allergic to penicillins may also be allergic to cephalosporins; the veterinary significance is unclear but warrants caution.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause a false-positive urine glucose determination when using cupric sulfate solution tests (e.g., Clinitest). May rarely cause positive direct Coombs' tests.
약물 상호작용
Potential additive nephrotoxicity. In vitro synergy exists against certain bacteria, but they must NOT be mixed in the same syringe or fluid bag (administer separately).
May be antagonistic to ceftazidime's bactericidal effects on gram-negative bacilli; concurrent use is not recommended.
Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime.
Bacteriostatic agents may antagonize the bactericidal activity of ceftazidime.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity when used concurrently.
Loop diuretics may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Synergistic in vivo against Pseudomonas; however, chemically incompatible in vitro (do not mix in the same syringe).
모니터링
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection signs)
- Baseline and ongoing renal function (BUN, Creatinine, Urinalysis)
- Injection site for signs of pain or inflammation
약동학
반감기
흡수
Not appreciably absorbed after oral administration. Must be given parenterally.
분포
Widely distributed throughout the body, including into bone and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
대사
Not extensively metabolized.
배설
Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys via glomerular filtration. Renal tubular excretion does not play a major role (probenecid does not affect elimination kinetics).
과다투여
An acute overdose in patients with normal renal function is unlikely to be of great concern.
However, in patients with renal failure, overdosage of ceftazidime has caused seizures, encephalopathy, coma, neuromuscular excitability, asterixis, and myoclonia.
Treatment: Primarily symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis could be used to enhance elimination.
제품
제형
- Powder for Injection: 500 mg, 1 g, 2 g, 6 g
- Injection (premixed, frozen): 1 g, 2 g
인용의약품
- Ceftazidime Powder for Injection: 500 mg, 1 g, 2 g, & 6 g vials (Fortaz, Ceptaz, Tazicef, Tazidime)
- Ceftazidime Injection (premixed, frozen): 1 g & 2 g in 50 mL (Fortaz, Tazicef)
규제 현황
Human authorized product used off-label under the Cascade. Classified as a highest priority critically important antibiotic; use is heavily restricted to cases lacking alternatives.
Human authorized product (POM) used off-label under the Cascade. Prudent use guidelines apply.
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Powders for injection: Store at 15-30°C (59-86°F) and protect from light. Frozen injection: Store at -20°C (-4°F) or lower. Reconstituted solutions (sodium carbonate formulations) effervesce (release CO2); do not allow pressure to normalize before adding diluent. Reconstituted potency: 24 hours at room temp (18h for arginine formulation), 7 days refrigerated. Frozen in plastic syringes: stable for 3 months at -20°C. Thawed solutions: stable for 8 hours at room temp, 4 days refrigerated. Do not refreeze.
보호자 정보
- 투여 방법: 수의사가 집에서 피하 주사(SC)를 하도록 안내할 수 있습니다. 올바른 주사 방법을 숙지하십시오.
- 보관 방법: 지시된 보관 방법을 엄격히 준수하십시오. 냉동 주사기로 제공된 경우 냉동실에 보관하고, 필요할 때 1회분만 실온에서 해동하십시오. 해동된 약물은 절대 다시 냉동하지 마십시오.
- 부작용: 위장 장애(설사, 구토) 또는 알레르기 반응(얼굴 부종, 호흡 곤란 등)이 나타나면 즉시 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
- 주사 부위: 주사 부위에 발적, 부종 또는 통증이 있는지 관찰하십시오.
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