세프티오퍼 염산염
Ceftiofur HCl
Ceftiofur hydrochloride
다른 이름: Excenel RTU · Spectramast DC · Spectramast LC · Naxcel (Sodium salt variant) · Cefenil · U-64279A · ceftiofuri hydrochloridium · Ceftiofurum · Ceftiofur sodium
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible urinary tract infections | 2.2 mg/kg | SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Sepsis/bacteraemia | 4.4 mg/kg | SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible urinary tract infections: Authorized for use in dogs in other countries where the main indication is UTI treatment.
- Sepsis/bacteraemia: Higher (double) dose indicated to treat sepsis/bacteraemia.
소
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bovine respiratory disease and acute bovine interdigital necrobacillosis | 1.1 to 2.2 mg/kg | IM/SC | q24h | 3 days (up to 5 days if needed) | 🌎 NA |
| Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) only | 2.2 mg/kg | IM/SC | q48h | Days 1 and 3 | 🌎 NA |
| Acute post-partum metritis | 2.2 mg/kg | IM/SC | q24h | 5 consecutive days | 🌎 NA |
| Neonatal salmonellosis | 5 mg/kg | IM | q24h | 5 days | 🌎 NA |
| Subclinical mastitis at time of dry off | Infuse one syringe (500 mg) | Intramammary | Once | At dry off | 🌎 NA |
| Clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle | Infuse one syringe (125 mg) | Intramammary | q24h | 2 days (up to 8 consecutive days for extended therapy) | 🌎 NA |
- Bovine respiratory disease and acute bovine interdigital necrobacillosis: Do not inject more than 15 mL per injection site.
- Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) only: Do not inject more than 15 mL per injection site.
- Acute post-partum metritis: Do not inject more than 15 mL per injection site.
- Subclinical mastitis at time of dry off: Infuse into each affected quarter.
- Clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cattle: Infuse into each affected quarter.
돼지
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial respiratory disease | 3 to 5 mg/kg | IM | q24h | 3 consecutive days | 🌎 NA |
- Bacterial respiratory disease: 1 mL of sterile suspension per 22 to 37 lb body weight.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
세프티오퍼 염산염(Ceftiofur HCl)은 수의학 전용 3세대 세팔로스포린 항생제입니다. 주로 대동물(특히 돼지와 소)의 세균성 호흡기 질환, 부제병, 급성 자궁내막염 및 유방염 치료에 사용됩니다.
주요 특징:
- 광범위 항균력: 파스퇴렐라, 연쇄상구균, 포도상구균, 살모넬라, 대장균을 포함한 다양한 그람 양성 및 음성 병원균에 효과적입니다.
- 활성 대사산물: 투여 후 신속하게 데스푸로일세프티오퍼(desfuroylceftiofur)로 전환되며, 이는 모약물과 동일한 효능을 가집니다.
- 임상적 특징: 일부 제제(예: Excenel RTU)는 착유우에서 우유 폐기 기간이 0일이므로 낙농업에 매우 유리하지만, 도축 휴약 기간은 엄격히 준수해야 합니다.
작용 기전
Ceftiofur is a time-dependent, bactericidal antibiotic.
- Mechanism: It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall → inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis → leads to weakened cell walls, cell lysis, and bacterial death.
- Metabolism Pathway: Parent ceftiofur is rapidly cleaved into furoic acid and desfuroylceftiofur (the primary active metabolite).
- Reservoir Effect: The active metabolite is highly protein-bound, which creates a 'reservoir effect' that maintains active, therapeutic drug concentrations at the site of infection for extended periods.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Patients with a documented history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
- Use with caution in patients hypersensitive to other beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., penicillins, carbapenems) due to potential cross-reactivity
부작용
- Pain on IM injection (especially in small animals)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy, anaphylaxis)
- Gastrointestinal distress / diarrhea
- Granulocytopenia (rare)
- Thrombocytopenia (rare)
- Injection site discoloration
주의
Warning: Hypersensitivity reactions can occur. Cross-reactivity with penicillins is possible.
- Tissue Discoloration: IM or SC injections can cause injection site discoloration, resulting in trim-out of edible tissues at slaughter (persisting up to 11 days in the neck, or >28 days in the rear leg of cattle).
- Withdrawal Times: Strict adherence to slaughter and milk withdrawal times is legally required and varies significantly by specific product and species.
- Renal Impairment: Patients in renal failure may require dosage adjustments due to decreased clearance.
- Laboratory Interference: May cause false-positive urine glucose tests (cupric sulfate method), falsely elevated creatinine (Jaffe reaction), and false-positive direct Coombs' tests.
약물 상호작용
Potential for additive nephrotoxicity. In vitro studies show synergistic antibacterial activity, but they must NOT be mixed together in the same syringe or fluid line.
Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most cephalosporins, thereby increasing serum levels and prolonging serum half-lives.
Synergistic antibacterial effect, but should not be mixed in the same syringe due to chemical incompatibility.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
모니터링
- Clinical efficacy and resolution of infection
- Weekly CBC monitoring (if used off-label in small animals)
- Renal function parameters in patients with pre-existing renal impairment
- Injection site reactions
약동학
흡수
Rapidly absorbed following intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) administration.
분포
Volume of distribution in cattle is approximately 0.3 L/kg. Protein binding creates a 'reservoir effect' at the site of infection. In swine, highest tissue concentrations are found in the kidneys, followed by lungs, liver, and muscle.
대사
Rapidly metabolized to desfuroylceftiofur, the primary active metabolite, which has equivalent potency to the parent compound.
배설
Eliminated primarily via the kidneys. Elimination half-life in cattle is approximately 8-12 hours. Elimination kinetics in milk can vary based on milk production volume; cows producing smaller volumes may have prolonged withdrawal times.
과다투여
Cephalosporin overdoses are generally well-tolerated and unlikely to cause significant problems other than gastrointestinal distress. However, extreme overdoses could theoretically induce hypersensitivity or hematologic abnormalities.
Important: Use of dosages in excess of those labeled or via unapproved routes may cause violative tissue or milk residues. Contact FARAD for assistance in determining appropriate withdrawal times if an overdose occurs in food-producing animals.
제품
제형
- Injectable sterile suspension (ready-to-use)
- Intramammary infusion syringe (dry cow)
- Intramammary infusion syringe (lactating cow)
동물용의약품
- Ceftiofur HCl Sterile Suspension for injection: 50 mg/mL in 100 mL vials (Excenel RTU®)
- Ceftiofur HCl Sterile Suspension for Intramammary Infusion in Dry Cows: 500 mg per 10 mL syringe (Spectramast® DC)
- Ceftiofur HCl Sterile Suspension for Intramammary Infusion in Lactating Cows: 125 mg per 10 mL syringe (Spectramast® LC)
규제 현황
POM-V. Only licensed for use in large animals in the UK/EU; use in dogs is off-label (cascade).
POM-V. Only licensed for use in large animals; use in dogs is off-label.
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Store ready-to-use injectable products and intramammary syringes at controlled room temperature 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F). Shake injectable suspensions well before using. Protect from freezing. Protect intramammary syringes from light and store in carton until used.
보호자 정보
참고: 이 약물은 주로 산업동물(소와 돼지)에게 처방됩니다.
- 투여 방법: 수의사의 지시에 따라 정확하게 투여하십시오. 동물이 회복된 것처럼 보이더라도 항생제 내성을 방지하기 위해 치료 과정을 끝까지 완료해야 합니다.
- 식용 동물 안전: 인간의 식품 공급망에 약물 잔류물이 섞이는 것을 방지하기 위해 도축 및 우유 폐기 휴약 기간을 엄격히 준수하는 것이 법적으로 요구됩니다. 휴약 기간은 사용된 특정 제품(예: Excenel RTU vs. Spectramast)에 따라 다릅니다.
- 부작용: 알레르기 반응(두드러기, 부종, 호흡 곤란 등)이나 설사 증상이 있는지 관찰하십시오.
- 주사 부위: 주사로 인해 주사 부위에 일시적인 통증과 조직 변색이 발생할 수 있음을 인지하십시오.
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