세프티오퍼 나트륨

항생제 - 3세대 세팔로스포린

세프티오퍼 나트륨은 **수의학 전용 3세대 세팔로스포린계** 항생제입니다. 그람 양성균 및 그람 음성균 모두에 대해 광범위한 효능을 보이며 여러 동물종에 널리 사용됩니다. **주요 임상 특징:** * **주요 적응증:** 소와 돼지의 호흡기 질환, 소의 지간부패증(foot rot), 그리고 개와 고양이의 감수성 요로 감염(UTI) 및 연조직 감염에 매우 효과적입니다. * **허가 외 사용(Off-label):** 특수 동물(파충류, 평흉류, 코끼리 등) 및 소동물의 다양한 전신 감염에 허가 외로 자주 사용됩니다. * **안전성 프로파일:** 일반적으로 안전하지만 근육(IM) 주사 시 일시적인 통증을 유발할 수 있습니다. 과민 반응의 위험이 있으며, 베타락탐계 알레르기가 있는 환자에게는 주의가 필요합니다. * **대사:** 체내에서 활성 대사산물인 데스푸로일세프티오퍼(desfuroylceftiofur)로 빠르게 전환되어 강력한 항균 활성을 유지합니다.

작용 기전: Ceftiofur is a **time-dependent, bactericidal** antibiotic. Upon administration, ceftiofur is rapidly cleaved → **furoic acid** and **desfuroylceftiofur** (the primary active metabolite). Desfuroylceftiofur → binds to **penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)** located inside the bacterial cell wall → inhibits the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis by halting peptidoglycan cross-linking → weakens the structural integrity of the cell wall → leads to **cell lysis** and bacterial death.

동물 종별 용량

Sheep

Respiratory disease · 1.1 to 2.2 mg/kg · IM · q24h · 3-5 days · 1-2 mL reconstituted sterile solution per 100 lbs body weight

Goats

Respiratory disease · 1.1 to 2.2 mg/kg · IM · q24h · 3-5 days · When used in lactating does, the high end of the dosage is recommended

Cats

UTI · 2.2 mg/kg · SC · q24h · 5-14 days
Systemic, soft tissue infections · 2.2 mg/kg q12h or 4.4 mg/kg q24h · SC · q12h or q24h · 5-14 days
Sepsis, bacteremia · 4.4 mg/kg · SC · q12h · 2-5 days

Cattle

Bovine respiratory disease, foot rot · 1.1 to 2.2 mg/kg · IM or SC · q24h · 3-5 days · 1-2 mL reconstituted sterile solution per 100 lbs body weight

Horses

Respiratory infections (S. zooepidemicus) · 2.2 to 4.4 mg/kg · IM · q24h · up to 10 days · Continue for 48 hours after symptoms disappear. Max 10 mL per injection site.
General susceptible infections · 1-2 mg/kg · IV or IM · q12-24h

투여 경로

IMSCIVIntrauterine

금기

Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Caution in patients with documented hypersensitivity to other beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cefamycins, carbapenems)

이상반응

Immediate and transient local pain on IM injection
Discoloration at SC injection sites (may persist >5 days)
Localized post-injection bacterial infections/abscesses (cattle)
Hypersensitivity reactions (rashes, fever, eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy, anaphylaxis)
Acute diarrhea (especially in stressed horses)
Granulocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia

약물 상호작용

Aminoglycosides · Potential for additive nephrotoxicity; in vitro synergy exists, but drugs should not be mixed in the same syringe/fluid line.
Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., Amphotericin B) · Potential for additive nephrotoxicity.
Probenecid · Competitively blocks the tubular secretion of most cephalosporins, increasing serum levels and serum half-lives.

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection signs)
Weekly CBC in small animals (recommended by some clinicians)
Intensified renal monitoring in patients with diminished renal function

과용량

Cephalosporin overdoses are generally well-tolerated and unlikely to cause significant systemic toxicity. * **Clinical Signs:** Primarily limited to gastrointestinal distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) or localized injection site reactions. * **Food Animal Considerations:** Overdoses in food-producing animals may result in significantly extended tissue withdrawal times. Contact FARAD for specific guidance on withdrawal interval adjustments.

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