ํด๋ก๋ฅดํ๋๋ผ๋ฏผ
ํด๋ก๋ฅดํ๋๋ผ๋ฏผ์ 1์ธ๋ ์ํฌ์๋ฏผ๊ณ ํญํ์คํ๋ฏผ์ ๋ก, ์์ํ์์๋ ์ฃผ๋ก ํญํ์คํ๋ฏผ ๋ฐ ํญ์์(๊ฐ๋ ค์์ฆ ์ํ) ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. **์ฃผ์ ์์ ํฌ์ธํธ:** * **1์ธ๋ ํญํ์คํ๋ฏผ์ :** ํ์ก๋์ฅ๋ฒฝ(BBB)์ ํต๊ณผํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ค์ถ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ต์ (์ง์ )๋ฅผ ์์ฃผ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ฉฐ, ๋๋ก๋ ๊ฐ๋ฒผ์ด ์ง์ ์ ๋ก ์น๋ฃ์ ํ์ฉ๋๊ธฐ๋ ํฉ๋๋ค. * **๊ณ ์์ด ์์์ฆ:** ์๋ ๋ฅด๊ธฐ์ฑ ํผ๋ถ ์งํ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๋ ค์์ฆ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด ๊ณ ์์ด์๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ฅ ํํ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ํญํ์คํ๋ฏผ์ ์ค ํ๋์ ๋๋ค. * **๋น๋ง์ธํฌ์ข :** ์ ์ ์ ์ธ ํ์คํ๋ฏผ ๋ฐฉ์ถ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฐจ๋จํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋น๋ง์ธํฌ์ข ํํ์๋ฒ์ ๋ณด์กฐ ์น๋ฃ์ ๋ก ์์ฃผ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. * **์ญ์ค์ ํฅ๋ถ:** ๊ฐ์์๋ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง์ ์ ์ ๋ฐํ์ง๋ง, ๊ณ ์์ด์์๋ ์คํ๋ ค ์ญ์ค์ ์ธ ํฅ๋ถ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ณด์ผ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์์ฉ ๊ธฐ์ : Chlorpheniramine acts as a competitive **H1-receptor antagonist**. * **Histamine Blockade:** It competitively inhibits histamine from binding to **H1 receptors** on effector cells (such as smooth muscle and endothelial cells) โ prevents histamine-induced vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle spasms. * **Note:** It does *not* inactivate histamine or prevent its release from mast cells; it only blocks its action at the receptor site. * **Additional Properties:** Like many first-generation antihistamines, it possesses varying degrees of **anticholinergic** (muscarinic blockade) and **CNS depressant** activity.
๋๋ฌผ ์ข ๋ณ ์ฉ๋
- General antihistamine use ยท 2 mg (total dose) per cat PO every 12 hours ยท PO ยท q12h
- General antihistamine use ยท 2-4 mg per cat q12-24h PO ยท PO ยท q12-24h
- General antihistamine use ยท 2 mg per cat two to three times daily ยท PO ยท BID-TID ยท Most common dosage in cats
- Pruritus ยท 2-4 mg/cat twice daily; rarely may be maintained on once daily dosing. ยท PO ยท BID ยท Palatability may be enhanced by dipping the split tablet into tuna fish 'juice', butter or petrolatum; placing split tablets into empty gelatin capsules or sprinkling or mixing timed release beads (partial contents of an 8 mg capsule) with food.
- Pruritus ยท 0.5-2 mg (total dose; ยผ - ยฝ of a 4 mg tablet) PO 2-3 times per day ยท PO ยท BID-TID
- Mild sedative ยท 1-2 mg per cat q12-24h (low dose), 2-4 mg per cat PO q12-24h (high dose) ยท PO ยท q12-24h
- General antihistamine use ยท 1-2 mg/kg PO 2-3 times a day ยท PO ยท BID-TID
- General use / Feather damaging behavior ยท One 4 mg tablet in one cup (240 mL; 8 oz.) of bottled water to be used as drinking water; changed daily. ยท PO ยท q24h
ํฌ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก
๊ธ๊ธฐ
- Hypersensitivity to chlorpheniramine or other alkylamine antihistamines
์ด์๋ฐ์
- CNS depression (lethargy, somnolence, sedation)
- GI effects (diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia)
- Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention)
- Paradoxical excitement (especially in cats)
- Decreased performance in working dogs due to sedation
์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ํธ์์ฉ
- Anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin) ยท Antihistamines may partially counteract the anticoagulation effects of heparin or warfarin.
- MAO Inhibitors (amitraz, selegiline) ยท May prolong and exacerbate the anticholinergic effects of the antihistamine.
- CNS Depressants ยท Increased sedation and CNS depression can occur when used concurrently.
- CNS Depressants (e.g., opioids, sedatives, barbiturates) ยท Additive CNS depression and sedation ยท moderate
- Anticholinergic drugs ยท Additive anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention) ยท moderate
๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง
- Clinical efficacy (reduction in pruritus, allergic signs, or adequate sedation)
- Adverse effects (excessive sedation, GI upset, anticholinergic signs)
๊ณผ์ฉ๋
### Overdose Signs Overdosage may cause **CNS stimulation** (ranging from excitement to seizures) or **CNS depression** (lethargy to coma), anticholinergic effects, respiratory depression, and death. > *Case report:* A 9-month-old dachshund ingesting 25 mg/kg showed signs of ataxia, tremors, bradycardia, coma, and cardiac arrest, dying within 11 hours of ingestion. ### Treatment * **Decontamination:** Empty the gut using standard protocols if ingestion was oral. Induce emesis if the patient is alert and CNS status is stable. Follow with a saline cathartic and/or activated charcoal. * **Supportive Care:** Treat other clinical signs symptomatically. * **Seizure Control:** **Phenytoin (IV)** is recommended in the treatment of seizures caused by antihistamine overdoses in humans; **barbiturates and diazepam should be avoided**.
VetSheet ์ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ ํผ๋ฐ์ค๋ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋ฌธ์ ํ๋จ์ด๋ ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ ๋์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.