ํด๋ก๋ฅดํ๋ก๋ง์ง
ํด๋ก๋ฅดํ๋ก๋ง์ง์ ๋ํ์ ์ธ ํ๋ ธํฐ์์ง๊ณ ์ ๋์ฒด๋ก, ์์ํ์์ ์ญ์ฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๊ฒฝ์ด์์ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ์ ๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋์์ผ๋, ํ์ฌ๋ ํจ๋ฅ์ด ๋ ๋๊ณ ์์ฉ ์๊ฐ์ด ์งง์ ์์ธํ๋ก๋ง์ง์ผ๋ก ๋๋ถ๋ถ ๋์ฒด๋์์ต๋๋ค. ํ์ฌ๋ ์ฃผ๋ก ์๋๋ฌผ์ **ํญ๊ตฌํ ์ **, ํนํ ๊ณ ์์ด์ ๋ฉ๋ฏธ ๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. **์ฃผ์ ์์ ํฌ์ธํธ:** * ๊ฐ(๊ณ ์์ด๋ ์ ์ธ)์์ ์ํฌ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํ ์ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ ๋ฅผ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ต์ ํฉ๋๋ค. * ํฉ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋๊ธฐํ๋ฆฌ์ค ๋ฐฐ๋น์ฒด๋ก ์ธํ ๊ตฌํ ๋ ์ต์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค. * **์งํต ํจ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์ ์์ต๋๋ค**; ํต์ฆ์ด ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ ์ ํ ์งํต์ ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. * ์ญ์ค์ ํฅ๋ถ๊ณผ ์ด๋์ค์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฐํ ์ ์์ด ๋ง์๊ฒ๋ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ธ๊ธฐ์ ๋๋ค. * ์ฌ๊ฐํ ํ๊ด ํ์ฅ ๋ฐ ์ ํ์์ ์ ๋ฐํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก ํฌ์ฌ ์ ํ์์๊ฒ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์๋ถ์ ๊ณต๊ธํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
์์ฉ ๊ธฐ์ : Chlorpromazine acts primarily as a **dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist** in the central nervous system. * **Antiemetic effect:** Blocks D2 receptors in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ) of the medulla โ inhibits emetic signaling to the vomiting center. * **Sedative effect:** Antagonizes central **histamine (H1)**, **alpha-1 adrenergic**, and **dopamine** receptors โ depresses the reticular activating system. * **Cardiovascular effect:** Peripheral **alpha-1 adrenergic blockade** โ vasodilation and potential hypotension. * Also possesses weak anticholinergic (muscarinic M1 blockade) and antiserotonergic properties.
๋๋ฌผ ์ข ๋ณ ์ฉ๋
- General use ยท 0.55-4.4 mg/kg IV, 2.2-6.6 mg/kg IM ยท IV/IM ยท Once
- General use ยท 0.55-4.4 mg/kg IV, 2.2-6.6 mg/kg IM ยท IV/IM ยท Once
- General use ยท 2-3.5 mg/kg IV q5-6h ยท IV ยท q5-6h
- As an antiemetic ยท 0.5 mg/kg IV, IM or SC three to four times daily ยท IV/IM/SC ยท q6-8h
- As an antiemetic ยท 2 mg (total dose) per cat PO q12h ยท PO ยท q12h
- As a preanesthetic ยท up to 1.1 mg/kg IM 1-1.5 hours prior to surgery ยท IM ยท Once
- Premedication for cattle undergoing standing procedures ยท Up to 1 mg/kg IM ยท IM ยท Once ยท May cause regurgitation if animal undergoes general anesthesia
- Premedication ยท 1 mg/kg IM ยท IM ยท Once
- Premedication ยท 0.55-3.3 mg/kg IV; 2-4 mg/kg IM ยท IV/IM ยท Once
ํฌ์ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ก
๊ธ๊ธฐ
- Horses (generally not recommended due to severe ataxia and panic reactions)
- Rabbits (IM injection causes severe muscle discomfort and swelling)
- Hypovolemia or shock
- Tetanus or strychnine intoxication (due to extrapyramidal effects)
์ด์๋ฐ์
- Hypotension
- CNS stimulation (paradoxical)
- Bradycardia or tachycardia
- Extrapyramidal signs in cats (tremors, shivering, rigidity, loss of righting reflexes)
- Lethargy
- Diarrhea
- Loss of anal sphincter tone
- Ataxia, excitation, and panic reactions in horses
- Hypothermia or hyperthermia
์ฝ๋ฌผ ์ํธ์์ฉ
- Acetaminophen ยท Possible increased risk for hypothermia
- Antacids ยท May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
- Antidiarrheal mixtures (e.g., kaolin/pectin, bismuth subsalicylate) ยท May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
- CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics) ยท May cause additive CNS depression
- Dipyrone ยท May cause serious hypothermia
- Epinephrine ยท Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)
- Opiates ยท May enhance hypotensive effects; chlorpromazine dosages may need reduction
- Organophosphate Agents ยท Effects may be potentiated; do not give phenothiazines within one month of worming with these agents
- Paraquat ยท Toxicity may be increased by chlorpromazine
- Phenytoin ยท Metabolism may be decreased if given concurrently
- Physostigmine ยท Toxicity may be enhanced by chlorpromazine
- Procaine ยท Activity may be enhanced by phenothiazines
๋ชจ๋ํฐ๋ง
- Cardiac rate, rhythm, and blood pressure (if indicated and possible)
- Degree of tranquilization and anti-emetic activity
- Body temperature (especially in extreme ambient temperatures)
๊ณผ์ฉ๋
Small overdoses typically cause somnolence. Larger overdoses can cause serious effects including **coma, agitation/seizures, ECG changes/arrhythmias, hypotension, and extrapyramidal effects**. * **Treatment:** Most overdoses are managed with supportive care and monitoring. Massive oral overdoses should be treated by emptying the gut if possible. * **Hypotension Management:** Do NOT treat hypotension with epinephrine (due to epinephrine reversal). Use **phenylephrine** or **norepinephrine** (levarterenol). * **Seizure Management:** Control seizures with barbiturates or diazepam.
VetSheet ์ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ ํผ๋ฐ์ค๋ ๋ฉดํ ์์ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋ฌธ์ ํ๋จ์ด๋ ์ ์กฐ์ฌ์ ์ต์ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ ๋์ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.