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클로르프로마진

Chlorpromazine

Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride

페노티아진계 진정제/항구토제POIMIVSC고양이돼지염소

다른 이름: Thorazine · aminazine · chlorpromazini hydrochloridum

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

0.5 mg/kg IV, IM or SC three to four times dailyIV/IM/SC· q6-8h
🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
As an antiemetic0.5 mg/kg IV, IM or SC three to four times dailyIV/IM/SCq6-8h🌎 NA
As an antiemetic0.2-0.4 mg/kg SC, IM q8hSC/IMq8h🌎 NA
As an antiemetic4-8 mg (total dose; do not exceed 0.5 mg/kg) per dog PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA
As a muscle relaxant during tetanus2 mg/kg IM twice dailyIMq12h🌎 NA

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
As an antiemetic0.5 mg/kg IV, IM or SC three to four times dailyIV/IM/SCq6-8h🌎 NA
As an antiemetic2 mg (total dose) per cat PO q12hPOq12h🌎 NA
As a preanestheticup to 1.1 mg/kg IM 1-1.5 hours prior to surgeryIMOnce🌎 NA

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Premedication for cattle undergoing standing proceduresUp to 1 mg/kg IMIMOnce🌎 NA
  • Premedication for cattle undergoing standing procedures: May cause regurgitation if animal undergoes general anesthesia

돼지

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Premedication1 mg/kg IMIMOnce🌎 NA
Premedication0.55-3.3 mg/kg IV; 2-4 mg/kg IMIV/IMOnce🌎 NA
Restraint1.1 mg/kg IMIMOnce🌎 NA
Prior to barbiturate anesthesia2-4 mg/kg IMIMOnce🌎 NA
  • Restraint: Effects are at peak in 45-60 minutes

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
General use0.55-4.4 mg/kg IV, 2.2-6.6 mg/kg IMIV/IMOnce🌎 NA

염소

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
General use0.55-4.4 mg/kg IV, 2.2-6.6 mg/kg IMIV/IMOnce🌎 NA
General use2-3.5 mg/kg IV q5-6hIVq5-6h🌎 NA

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

클로르프로마진은 대표적인 페노티아진계 유도체로, 수의학에서 역사적으로 신경이완제 및 진정제로 사용되었으나, 현재는 효능이 더 높고 작용 시간이 짧은 아세프로마진으로 대부분 대체되었습니다.

현재는 주로 소동물의 ​항구토제​, 특히 고양이의 멀미 관리에 사용됩니다.

​주요 임상 포인트:​

  • 개(고양이는 제외)에서 아포모르핀 유발 구토 및 모르핀 유발 구토를 효과적으로 억제합니다.
  • 황산구리나 디기탈리스 배당체로 인한 구토는 억제하지 않습니다.
  • ​진통 효과가 거의 없습니다​; 통증이 있는 경우 적절한 진통제를 제공해야 합니다.
  • 역설적 흥분과 운동실조를 유발할 수 있어 말에게는 일반적으로 금기입니다.
  • 심각한 혈관 확장 및 저혈압을 유발할 수 있으므로 투여 전 환자에게 충분한 수분을 공급해야 합니다.

작용 기전

Chlorpromazine acts primarily as a dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist in the central nervous system.

  • ​Antiemetic effect:​ Blocks D2 receptors in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone (CRTZ) of the medulla → inhibits emetic signaling to the vomiting center.
  • ​Sedative effect:​ Antagonizes central ​histamine (H1)​, alpha-1 adrenergic, and dopamine receptors → depresses the reticular activating system.
  • ​Cardiovascular effect:​ Peripheral alpha-1 adrenergic blockade → vasodilation and potential hypotension.
  • Also possesses weak anticholinergic (muscarinic M1 blockade) and antiserotonergic properties.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Horses (generally not recommended due to severe ataxia and panic reactions)
  • Rabbits (IM injection causes severe muscle discomfort and swelling)
  • Hypovolemia or shock
  • Tetanus or strychnine intoxication (due to extrapyramidal effects)

부작용

  • Hypotension
  • CNS stimulation (paradoxical)
  • Bradycardia or tachycardia
  • Extrapyramidal signs in cats (tremors, shivering, rigidity, loss of righting reflexes)
  • Lethargy
  • Diarrhea
  • Loss of anal sphincter tone
  • Ataxia, excitation, and panic reactions in horses
  • Hypothermia or hyperthermia

주의

​Important:​ Intravenous injections must be diluted with saline to concentrations of no more than 1 mg/mL and administered slowly. Do not inject into arteries.

  • ​MDR1 Mutation:​ Dogs with MDR1 mutations (Collies, Australian Shepherds, etc.) may develop pronounced and prolonged sedation. Reduce initial doses by 25% in suspect patients.
  • ​Aggressive Dogs:​ Use cautiously as a restraining agent; it may make the animal more prone to startle and react to noises or sensory inputs.
  • ​Debilitated Patients:​ Use cautiously and in smaller doses in animals with hepatic dysfunction, cardiac disease, or general debilitation.
  • ​Anesthesia:​ Animals may require lower dosages of general anesthetics following phenothiazines.

약물 상호작용

Acetaminophen

Possible increased risk for hypothermia

Antacids

May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines

Antidiarrheal mixtures (e.g., kaolin/pectin, bismuth subsalicylate)

May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines

CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics)

May cause additive CNS depression

Dipyrone

May cause serious hypothermia

Epinephrine

Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)

Opiates

May enhance hypotensive effects; chlorpromazine dosages may need reduction

Organophosphate Agents

Effects may be potentiated; do not give phenothiazines within one month of worming with these agents

Paraquat

Toxicity may be increased by chlorpromazine

Phenytoin

Metabolism may be decreased if given concurrently

Physostigmine

Toxicity may be enhanced by chlorpromazine

Procaine

Activity may be enhanced by phenothiazines

Propranolol

Increased blood levels of both drugs may result

Quinidine

May cause additive cardiac depression

모니터링

  • Cardiac rate, rhythm, and blood pressure (if indicated and possible)
  • Degree of tranquilization and anti-emetic activity
  • Body temperature (especially in extreme ambient temperatures)

약동학

흡수

Absorbed rapidly after oral administration, but undergoes extensive first pass metabolism in the liver. Well absorbed after IM injection, but onset of action is slower than IV.

분포

Distributed throughout the body; brain concentrations are higher than plasma. Approximately 95% is bound to plasma proteins (primarily albumin).

대사

Extensively metabolized principally in the liver and kidneys.

배설

Little specific information is available regarding its excretion in dogs and cats.

과다투여

Small overdoses typically cause somnolence. Larger overdoses can cause serious effects including coma, agitation/seizures, ECG changes/arrhythmias, hypotension, and extrapyramidal effects.

  • ​Treatment:​ Most overdoses are managed with supportive care and monitoring. Massive oral overdoses should be treated by emptying the gut if possible.
  • ​Hypotension Management:​ Do NOT treat hypotension with epinephrine (due to epinephrine reversal). Use phenylephrine or norepinephrine (levarterenol).
  • ​Seizure Management:​ Control seizures with barbiturates or diazepam.

제품

제형

  • Oral Tablets
  • Injection
  • Oral Solution

인용의약품

  • Chlorpromazine Oral Tablets: 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg & 200 mg
  • Chlorpromazine Injection: 25 mg/mL in 1 & 2 mL amps

규제 현황

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Protect from light and store at room temperature. Avoid freezing the oral solution and injection. Dispense oral solution in amber bottles. Store oral tablets in tight containers. Do not store in plastic syringes or IV bags for prolonged periods as the drug may adsorb to plastic. Discard darkly colored solutions or if precipitates have formed (a slight yellowish color will not affect potency).

보호자 정보

  • ​취급 주의:​ 약물이 손이나 옷에 묻지 않도록 주의하십시오. 접촉성 피부염을 유발할 수 있습니다. 투여 후에는 손을 씻으십시오.
  • ​소변 색 변화:​ 이 약물은 반려동물의 소변 색을 분홍색이나 적갈색으로 변하게 할 수 있습니다. 이는 정상적인 부작용이므로 걱정하지 않으셔도 됩니다.
  • ​관찰:​ 진정 상태에 있는 동안 반려동물을 안전하고 조용한 환경에 두십시오. 과도한 무기력, 비정상적인 근육 떨림 또는 뻣뻣함이 있는지 관찰하고, 이러한 증상이 나타나면 수의사에게 연락하십시오.

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