클로르프로마진

동물 종별 용량

투여 경로

금기

• Horses (generally not recommended due to severe ataxia and panic reactions)
• Rabbits (IM injection causes severe muscle discomfort and swelling)
• Hypovolemia or shock
• Tetanus or strychnine intoxication (due to extrapyramidal effects)

이상반응

• Hypotension
• CNS stimulation (paradoxical)
• Bradycardia or tachycardia
• Extrapyramidal signs in cats (tremors, shivering, rigidity, loss of righting reflexes)
• Lethargy
• Diarrhea
• Loss of anal sphincter tone
• Ataxia, excitation, and panic reactions in horses
• Hypothermia or hyperthermia

약물 상호작용

• Acetaminophen · Possible increased risk for hypothermia
• Antacids · May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
• Antidiarrheal mixtures (e.g., kaolin/pectin, bismuth subsalicylate) · May cause reduced GI absorption of oral phenothiazines
• CNS Depressant Agents (barbiturates, narcotics, anesthetics) · May cause additive CNS depression
• Dipyrone · May cause serious hypothermia
• Epinephrine · Phenothiazines block alpha-adrenergic receptors; concomitant epinephrine can lead to unopposed beta-activity causing vasodilation and increased cardiac rate (epinephrine reversal)
• Opiates · May enhance hypotensive effects; chlorpromazine dosages may need reduction
• Organophosphate Agents · Effects may be potentiated; do not give phenothiazines within one month of worming with these agents
• Paraquat · Toxicity may be increased by chlorpromazine
• Phenytoin · Metabolism may be decreased if given concurrently
• Physostigmine · Toxicity may be enhanced by chlorpromazine
• Procaine · Activity may be enhanced by phenothiazines

모니터링

• Cardiac rate, rhythm, and blood pressure (if indicated and possible)
• Degree of tranquilization and anti-emetic activity
• Body temperature (especially in extreme ambient temperatures)

과용량

Small overdoses typically cause somnolence. Larger overdoses can cause serious effects including **coma, agitation/seizures, ECG changes/arrhythmias, hypotension, and extrapyramidal effects**. * **Treatment:** Most overdoses are managed with supportive care and monitoring. Massive oral overdoses should be treated by emptying the gut if possible. * **Hypotension Management:** Do NOT treat hypotension with epinephrine (due to epinephrine reversal). Use **phenylephrine** or **norepinephrine** (levarterenol). * **Seizure Management:** Control seizures with barbiturates or diazepam.