VetSheet

클레마스틴

Clemastine

Clemastine fumarate

항히스타민제 (H1 수용체 길항제)POIV개고양이

다른 이름: Tavist Allergy · Dayhist-1 · Agasten · Aller-Eze · Antihist-1 · Clamist · Contac 12 Hour Allergy · Tavegil · Tavegyl · meclastine fumarate · mecloprodin fumarate · clemastini fumaras · HS-592 · Clemastine fumarate

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

0.05-0.1 mg/kg PO q12hPO· q12h
— 🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Allergic conditions (Historical dosing - Efficacy doubtful)0.05-0.1 mg/kg PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
  • Allergic conditions (Historical dosing - Efficacy doubtful): Oral bioavailability is <5%. An oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg only slightly inhibited wheal formation. Further dosing studies are needed before recommending therapeutic oral use.

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Antihistamine0.68 mg per cat PO twice dailyPOq12h—🌎 NA
Antihistamine0.34-0.68 mg per cat PO q12hPOq12h—🌎 NA
Atopy0.15 mg/kg PO q 12 hrsPOq12h—🌎 NA
  • Atopy: Efficacy may be increased by combining with omega 3 fatty acids.

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

클레마스틴은 알레르기 증상 완화에 사용되는 1세대 에탄올아민계 항히스타민제입니다. 항콜린 작용이 강한 반면 진정 작용은 비교적 적은 것이 특징입니다. 개와 말에서 경구 생체이용률이 매우 낮아 경구 투여 시의 치료 효과가 불확실합니다.

작용 기전

Like other first-generation antihistamines, clemastine acts as a competitive antagonist (or inverse agonist) at H1-receptors.

  • ​Mechanism:​ Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells (smooth muscle, endothelium, CNS) → prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased capillary permeability.
  • ​Note:​ It does not block the release of histamine from mast cells or basophils, but rather antagonizes its downstream effects.
  • Exhibits significant ​anticholinergic (antimuscarinic)​ activity, which contributes to both its drying effects on mucous membranes and potential side effects.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Known hypersensitivity to clemastine

부작용

  • Sedation (dogs)
  • Paradoxical hyperactivity (dogs)
  • Anticholinergic effects: dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, urinary retention
  • Diarrhea (cats)
  • Fixed drug reaction (cats - rare)

주의

Use with caution in patients with prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, severe cardiac failure, angle-closure glaucoma, or pyeloduodenal obstruction. Antihistamines should be discontinued 3-7 days before intradermal skin testing to prevent false-negative wheal and flare responses. Use with caution in pregnant or nursing animals, especially with newborns, as the drug enters maternal milk.

약물 상호작용

CNS Depressant Medications (e.g., barbiturates, tranquilizers)

Additive CNS depression may occur.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (e.g., furazolidone, amitraz, selegiline)

May intensify the anticholinergic effects of clemastine.

CNS Depressants (e.g., phenobarbital, gabapentin, opioids)Moderate

Additive CNS depression and sedation

Anticholinergic drugsModerate

Additive anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention)

모니터링

  • Clinical efficacy (reduction in pruritus, allergic signs)
  • Adverse effects (sedation, hyperactivity, anticholinergic signs)

약동학

반감기

말5.4 hours (terminal)개4 hours (IV)

흡수

Dogs: Very low oral bioavailability (3%). Horses: Poor oral bioavailability (3-4%). Humans: Variable bioavailability (20-70%).

분포

Dogs: High volume of distribution (13.4 L/kg); 98% protein bound. Horses: Volume of distribution at steady-state is 3.8 L/kg. Distributes into milk.

대사

Appears to be extensively metabolized (based on human data).

배설

Metabolites are eliminated in the urine. Clearance in dogs: 2.1 L/hr/kg. Clearance in horses: 0.79 L/hr/kg.

과다투여

There are no specific antidotes for clemastine overdose.

  • ​Management:​ Handle significant overdoses using standard gut-emptying protocols (emesis/gastric lavage) when appropriate, followed by supportive therapy.
  • ​Clinical Signs:​ Overdose signs are extensions of the drug's side effects, principally CNS depression (though CNS stimulation/seizures may occur), severe anticholinergic effects (severe drying of mucous membranes, tachycardia, urinary retention, hyperthermia), and possibly hypotension.
  • ​Specific Treatments:​ Physostigmine may be considered to treat serious CNS anticholinergic effects. Diazepam can be employed to treat seizures if necessary.

제품

제형

  • Oral tablets
  • Oral syrup

인용의약품

  • Clemastine Fumarate Oral Tablets: 1.34 mg (equivalent to 1 mg clemastine), 2.68 mg (equivalent to 2 mg clemastine)
  • Clemastine Oral Syrup: 0.67 mg/5 mL (equivalent to 0.5 mg clemastine)

규제 현황

European Union✓ 승인됨EMA

Available as a human product used off-label in veterinary medicine.

United Kingdom✓ 승인됨VMD

Classified as GSL (General Sales List) in the UK, meaning it can be sold without a prescription.

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Oral tablets and solution should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature.

보호자 정보

항히스타민제는 알레르기 증상 완화에 도움이 되지만 근본적인 질환을 치료하지는 않습니다. 반려동물에게 졸음이나 비정상적인 흥분을 유발할 수 있으며 구강 건조가 나타날 수 있습니다. 고양이의 경우 설사가 흔하게 발생할 수 있습니다. 반드시 수의사의 지시에 따라 투여하십시오.

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