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클린다마이신

Clindamycin

Clindamycin hydrochloride, Clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride, Clindamycin phosphate

린코사마이드계 항생제POIMIVSCtopical개고양이페렛새파충류

다른 이름: Antirobe · Cleocin · Clintabs · Clinsol · Clinacin · Clindacyl · Clindaseptin · Mycinor · Zodon · chlorodeoxylincomycin hydrochloride · (7S)-chloro-7-deoxy-lincomycin hydrochloride · clindamycini hydrochloridum · U-28508 · U-25179E · Clindamycine · Clindamicina

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

WHO 고도로 중요한 항생제 — 책임감 있는 사용 권고
5.5-33 mg/kgPO· q12h· Up to 28 days
— 🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections5.5-33 mg/kgPOq12hUp to 28 days🌎 NA
Osteomyelitis11-33 mg/kgPOq12hUp to 28 days🌎 NA
Staphylococcal pyoderma11 mg/kgPOonce daily7-28 days🌎 NA
Wounds, abscesses, dental infections, stomatitis5-11 mg/kgPOq12h7-28 days🌎 NA
Osteomyelitis11 mg/kgPOq12h28 days🌎 NA
Systemic bacteremia3-10 mg/kgIV, IM, SC, POq8has long as needed🌎 NA
Susceptible bacterial infections5-11 mg/kgIM, SC, POq12h—🌎 NA
Sepsis11 mg/kgIVq12h—🌎 NA
Recurrent superficial pyodermas11 mg/kgPOonce daily to twice a day—🌎 NA
Actinomycosis5 mg/kgSCq12h—🌎 NA
Susceptible hepatobiliary infections10-16 mg/kg SC once daily or 5-10 mg/kg PO q12hSC, POonce daily or q12h—🌎 NA
Anaerobic infections5-10 mg/kgPO, IVq12h—🌎 NA
Intra-abdominal sepsis5-11 mg/kgIV, SC, POq8-12h5-7 days🌎 NA
Pancreatitis5-11 mg/kgIV, SC, POq8-12h3-5 days🌎 NA
Susceptible respiratory infections10 mg/kgPO, SCq12h—🌎 NA
Surgical prophylaxis for gram-positive aerobes and anaerobic coverage5-11 mg/kgPOonce16-60 minutes preoperatively🌎 NA
Toxoplasmosis12.5 mg/kgPO, IMq12h28 days🌎 NA
Neospora10 mg/kgPOq12h4 weeks🌎 NA
Hepatozoon canis10 mg/kgPOq8h2-4 weeks🌎 NA
Babesia spp.12.5 mg/kgPOq12h2 weeks🌎 NA
Babesia infections (if specific antibabesial drugs are not available)25 mg/kgPOq12h7-21 days🌎 NA
Hepatozoon americanum infections10 mg/kgPOq8h14 days🌎 NA
Susceptible infections5.5 mg/kgPOq12h—🌍 EU
Severe infections11 mg/kgPOq12h—🌍 EU
Toxoplasmosis/neosporosis25 mg/kgPOdaily in divided doses—🌍 EU
  • Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections: If no response after 3-4 days, discontinue.
  • Osteomyelitis: If no response after 3-4 days, discontinue.
  • Susceptible bacterial infections: Avoid or reduce dose in patients with severe liver failure
  • Recurrent superficial pyodermas: Resistance can develop quickly
  • Susceptible hepatobiliary infections: In patients with liver function impairment: 5 mg/kg PO q12h or SC q24h
  • Intra-abdominal sepsis: Combined with gentamicin or a parenteral 3rd generation cephalosporin or enrofloxacin
  • Neospora: Used concurrently with trimethoprim/sulfa (15 mg/kg PO q12h for 4 weeks)
  • Hepatozoon canis: Use concurrently with pyrimethamine and trimethoprim/sulfa
  • Hepatozoon americanum infections: Use concurrently with trimethoprim/sulfa and pyrimethamine, follow with decoquinate
  • Susceptible infections: Alternatively, 11 mg/kg q24h

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Susceptible bacterial infections5-10 mg/kgPOq12h—🌎 NA
Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections11-33 mg/kgPOonce a day (q24h)Maximum 14 days🌎 NA
Sepsis11 mg/kgIVq12h—🌎 NA
Anaerobic infections5-10 mg/kgPO, IVq12h—🌎 NA
Intra-abdominal sepsis5-11 mg/kgIV, SC, POq8-12h5-7 days🌎 NA
Pancreatitis5-11 mg/kgIV, SC, POq8-12h3-5 days🌎 NA
Susceptible respiratory infections10-15 mg/kgPO, SCq12h—🌎 NA
Surgical prophylaxis for gram-positive aerobes and anaerobic coverage5-11 mg/kgPOonce16-60 minutes preoperatively🌎 NA
Toxoplasmosis (to decrease zoonotic risk by reducing shedding period)25-50 mg/kgPOdaily—🌎 NA
Clinical toxoplasmosis10 mg/kgPOq12hat least 28 days🌎 NA
Enteroepithelial toxoplasmosis8-16 mg/kgPO, SCq8h14-28 days🌎 NA
Systemic toxoplasmosis12.5-25 mg/kgPO, SCq12h14-28 days🌎 NA
  • Infected wounds, abscesses and dental infections: Do not treat acute infections for more than 3-4 days if no clinical response is seen.
  • Intra-abdominal sepsis: Combined with gentamicin or a parenteral 3rd generation cephalosporin or enrofloxacin
  • Clinical toxoplasmosis: Institute supportive care as needed.

페렛

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Susceptible infections5-10 mg/kgPOtwice daily—🌎 NA

새

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Susceptible infections25 mg/kgPOq8h—🌎 NA
Mild spore-forming enteric bacterial infections50 mg/kgPOq12h5-10 days🌎 NA

파충류

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Susceptible infections (anaerobes)5 mg/kgPOonce daily—🌎 NA
Respiratory infections (anaerobes, mycoplasma)5 mg/kgPOonce daily14 days🌎 NA

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

클린다마이신은 수의학에서 널리 사용되는 광범위 ​린코사마이드계 항생제​입니다. 많은 혐기성 세균, 그람 양성 호기성 구균(포도상구균 및 연쇄상구균 등) 및 특정 원충(톡소플라즈마, 네오스포라, 바베시아 등)에 매우 효과적입니다.

​임상 요점:​

  • ​우수한 조직 침투력:​ 뼈, 활액, 농양 및 백혈구에서 높은 농도에 도달하므로 ​골수염​, ​치과 감염​ 및 ​심재성 농피증​의 1차 선택약입니다.
  • ​톡소플라즈마증:​ 개와 고양이의 임상적 톡소플라즈마증에 대한 주요 치료제입니다.
  • ​초식동물 독성:​ 치명적인 클로스트리듐성 장염의 위험이 있으므로 후장 발효 동물(말, 토끼, 설치류) 및 반추동물에게는 절대 금기입니다.
  • ​식도 협착 위험:​ 고양이의 경우 캡슐이나 알약을 물 없이 먹이면 심각한 식도염과 협착을 유발할 수 있습니다. 경구용 고형제 투여 후에는 반드시 물이나 음식을 함께 먹여야 합니다.

작용 기전

Clindamycin acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria.

  • ​Mechanism:​ It inhibits peptide bond formation (transpeptidation) → blocks bacterial protein synthesis.
  • ​Effect:​ It can be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on the drug concentration at the infection site and the specific susceptibility of the organism.
  • ​Resistance:​ Complete cross-resistance occurs between clindamycin and lincomycin, and partial cross-resistance occurs with macrolides (like erythromycin) due to overlapping ribosomal binding sites.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Horses
  • Rabbits
  • Hamsters
  • Chinchillas
  • Guinea pigs
  • Ruminants
  • Patients hypersensitive to lincosamides
  • Neonatal small animals (generally avoided)
  • Known hypersensitivity to lincosamides

부작용

  • Gastroenteritis (emesis, loose stools, bloody diarrhea)
  • Esophageal injuries (esophagitis, strictures) in cats if dry-pilled
  • Hypersalivation or lip smacking in cats after oral administration
  • Pain at IM injection site
  • Mild, clinically insignificant increases in liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP)
  • Colitis
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Oesophagitis (especially in cats)
  • Oesophageal stricture (especially in cats)

주의

​Esophageal Injury Warning:​ Clindamycin has been implicated in causing esophagitis and esophageal strictures in small animals (especially cats). ​Avoid dry 'pilling'​; always administer with food or a water bolus.

  • ​Hepatic/Renal Impairment:​ Patients with very severe renal and/or hepatic disease should receive the drug with caution. Consider dosage reduction and monitor serum clindamycin levels during high-dose therapy.
  • ​Species Restrictions:​ Fatal gastrointestinal effects can occur in horses, ruminants, and small herbivores (rabbits, rodents). Do not use in these species.

약물 상호작용

Cyclosporine

Clindamycin may reduce cyclosporine levels

Erythromycin

In vitro antagonism when used with clindamycin; concomitant use should probably be avoided

Neuromuscular blocking agents (e.g., pancuronium)

Clindamycin possesses intrinsic neuromuscular blocking activity and should be used cautiously with other neuromuscular blocking agents

Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants (e.g., tubocurarine)Major

May enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect

NeostigmineModerate

May antagonize the effects of neostigmine

PyridostigmineModerate

May antagonize the effects of pyridostigmine

Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin)Major

Antagonistic antimicrobial effects due to competing binding sites

ChloramphenicolMajor

Antagonistic antimicrobial effects due to competing binding sites

Other lincosamidesMajor

Antagonistic antimicrobial effects

Tubocurarine (and other non-depolarizing muscle relaxants)Moderate

May enhance the neuromuscular blocking effect

LincomycinMajor

Complete cross-resistance and antagonistic effect

모니터링

  • Clinical efficacy
  • Adverse effects; particularly severe diarrhea
  • Periodic liver and kidney function tests and blood counts if therapy persists for more than 30 days
  • Gastrointestinal signs (vomiting, diarrhoea)
  • Hepatic and renal function in patients with pre-existing impairment

약동학

반감기

개2-5 hours (PO), 10-13 hours (SC)

흡수

Rapidly absorbed from the gut. In dogs, oral bioavailability is about 73%. Food decreases the rate of absorption, but not the extent. Peak serum levels are attained about 45-60 minutes after oral dosing.

분포

Distributes well into most tissues. Therapeutic levels are achieved in bone, synovial fluid, bile, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, skin, heart muscle, abscesses, scar tissue, and white blood cells. CNS levels may reach 40% of serum levels if meninges are inflamed. About 93% bound to plasma proteins. Crosses the placenta and distributes into milk.

대사

Partially metabolized in the liver to both active and inactive metabolites.

배설

Unchanged drug and metabolites are excreted in the urine, feces, and bile. Half-lives can be prolonged in patients with severe renal or hepatic dysfunction.

과다투여

There is little information available regarding overdoses of this drug.

  • In dogs, oral doses of up to 300 mg/kg/day for up to one year did not result in toxicity.
  • Dogs receiving 600 mg/kg/day developed anorexia, vomiting, and weight loss.

제품

제형

  • Oral capsules
  • Oral tablets
  • Oral solution/drops
  • Granules for oral solution
  • Injection (solution concentrate)
  • Suppositories
  • Topical and vaginal preparations
  • 25 mg capsule/tablet
  • 75 mg capsule/tablet
  • 88 mg capsule/tablet
  • 150 mg capsule/tablet
  • 264 mg capsule/tablet
  • 300 mg capsule/tablet
  • 25 mg/ml oral solution

동물용의약품

  • Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Capsules: 25 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg (Antirobe, generics)
  • Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Tablets: 25 mg, 75 mg, 150 mg (Clintabs)
  • Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Solution: 25 mg/mL (Antirobe Aquadrops, Clinsol, generics)
  • Clinacin
  • Clindacyl
  • Clindaseptin
  • Mycinor
  • Zodon

인용의약품

  • Clindamycin (as HCl) Oral Capsules: 75 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg (Cleocin, generics)
  • Clindamycin (as palmitate HCl) Granules for Oral Solution: 75 mg/5 mL (Cleocin Pediatric)
  • Clindamycin (as Phosphate) Solution Concentrate for Injection: 150 mg/mL (Cleocin Phosphate)
  • Clindamycin (as Phosphate) Injection: 300 mg, 600 mg, 900 mg in Galaxy containers (Cleocin Phosphate IV)
  • Clindamycin Phosphate Suppositories: 100 mg (Cleocin)

규제 현황

European Union✓ 승인됨처방전의약품EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V

United Kingdom✓ 승인됨처방전의약품VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Capsules and palmitate powder for oral solution should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C). After reconstitution, the human palmitate oral solution should NOT be refrigerated (thickening may occur) and is stable for 2 weeks at room temp. Veterinary oral solution has an extended shelf life at room temp. Phosphate injection should be stored at room temp; if refrigerated, crystals may form but will resolubilize upon warming.

보호자 정보

​중요한 투약 안내:​ 경구용 알약이나 캡슐을 사용할 때, 특히 고양이의 경우 ​투약 후 반드시 최소 6mL(1티스푼보다 조금 많은 양)의 물을 먹이거나​ 소량의 습식 사료에 숨겨서 먹이십시오. 알약을 물 없이 먹이면 식도에 달라붙어 심각한 궤양과 협착을 유발할 수 있습니다.

  • ​위장 장애 주의:​ 심각하거나 지속적이거나 피가 섞인 설사가 발생하면 즉시 수의사에게 알리십시오.
  • ​치료 과정 완료:​ 반려동물의 상태가 호전된 것처럼 보이더라도 내성 감염을 예방하기 위해 처방된 기간 동안 약을 끝까지 먹이십시오.

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