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λ¬ν νλ¦° λνΈλ₯¨μ μ£Όλ‘ νμ μμ μ¦μ μλ°© λ° μΉλ£μ μ¬μ©λλ **μ λΆμλ ν€νλ¦°(LMWH)**μ λλ€. * **κΈ°μ μμ μ₯μ **: λ―ΈλΆν ν€νλ¦°(UFH)κ³Ό λ¬λ¦¬, λ¬ν νλ¦°κ³Ό κ°μ LMWHλ μ½λνμ νλ‘νμΌμ΄ λ μμΈ‘ κ°λ₯νλ©°, νΈλ‘¬λΉλ³΄λ€ μ XaμΈμλ₯Ό μ°μ μ μΌλ‘ νμ μΌλ‘ νμ¬ μλ°μ± μΆνμ μνμ μ€μ λλ€. * **μμνμ κ³Όμ **: μ¬λμκ²λ ν루 1~2ν ν¬μ¬λ‘ λ§€μ° ν¨κ³Όμ μ΄μ§λ§, κ°μ νΉν κ³ μμ΄λ λ¬ν νλ¦°μ λ§€μ° λΉ λ₯΄κ² λ°°μ€ν©λλ€. μ΄λ‘ μΈν΄ λΉλ²ν νΌν μ£Όμ¬(κ³ μμ΄μ κ²½μ° μ΅λ 4~6μκ°λ§λ€)κ° νμνλ©°, μ₯κΈ°μ μΈ μΈλ κ΄λ¦¬κ° λ§€μ° λΉν¨μ¨μ μ΄κ³ λΉμ©μ΄ λ§μ΄ λ€ μ μμ΅λλ€. * **μμμ μ μ©μ±**: λ©΄μλ§€κ°μ± μ©νμ± λΉν, λ¨λ°±μμ€μ± μ μ¦, κ³ μμ΄ λλλ§₯ νμ μμ μ¦, λ§μ μ°ν΅ λ± νμ μ¦ μνμ΄ λμ νμλ₯Ό μν΄ μ€νμμ€ νκ²½μμ μμ£Ό μ¬μ©λ©λλ€.
μμ© κΈ°μ : Dalteparin exerts its anticoagulant effect by binding to and accelerating **antithrombin III (ATIII)**. * **Conformational Change**: Binding induces a conformational change in ATIII, significantly accelerating its ability to inactivate coagulation factors. * **Factor Xa Selectivity**: Because dalteparin consists of shorter polysaccharide chains (average molecular weight ~5000 daltons) compared to unfractionated heparin, it lacks the chain length required to simultaneously bridge ATIII and thrombin (Factor IIa). Therefore, it preferentially inhibits **Factor Xa**. * **Pathway**: Dalteparin + ATIII β **Potent inhibition of Factor Xa** β Decreased conversion of prothrombin to thrombin β Prevention of fibrin clot formation. *Clinical Pearl*: Because it minimally impacts thrombin, routine clotting times like TT or aPTT are usually unaffected and are poor monitoring tools for this drug.
λλ¬Ό μ’ λ³ μ©λ
- Thromboembolic disease prophylaxis/treatment Β· 150 Units/kg Β· SC Β· q4h Β· Required to maintain a therapeutic target of anti-XA activity of 0.5-1 IU/mL.
- Thromboembolic disease prophylaxis/treatment Β· 180 Units/kg Β· SC Β· q4-6h Β· Current clinical dose recommendation.
- Prophylaxis of coagulation disorders in colic patients Β· 50 Units/kg Β· SC Β· q24h Β· Once daily dosing.
- Thromboembolic disease prophylaxis/treatment Β· 150 Units/kg Β· SC Β· q8h Β· Initial dose 150 Units/kg SC q8h.
- Thromboembolic disease prophylaxis/treatment Β· 150 Units/kg Β· SC Β· TID or BID Β· 150 Units/kg SC three times daily; twice daily dosing may be effective. Studies are ongoing.
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ν¬μ¬ κ²½λ‘
κΈκΈ°
- Hypersensitivity to dalteparin, heparin, or pork products
- Active major bleeding
- Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
- Thrombocytopenia associated with positive in vitro tests for anti-platelet antibodies in the presence of dalteparin
- Intramuscular (IM) or Intravenous (IV) administration
μ΄μλ°μ
- Hemorrhage (unlikely but possible)
- Injection site hematomas or pain
- Allergic reactions
- Neurologic sequelae secondary to epidural or spinal hematomas
μ½λ¬Ό μνΈμμ©
- Warfarin Β· Increased risk for hemorrhage
- Aspirin Β· Increased risk for hemorrhage
- Clopidogrel Β· Increased risk for hemorrhage
- Thrombolytic agents Β· Increased risk for hemorrhage
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- Baseline and ongoing CBC (with platelet count)
- Urinalysis
- Stool occult blood test
- Factor Xa activity (Note: To measure peak anti-Xa activity in cats, sample at 2 hours post-dose)
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Overdosage may lead to hemorrhagic complications. If treatment is necessary, **protamine sulfate** via slow IV may be administered. * **Dose ratio**: 1 mg of protamine sulfate can inhibit the effects of 100 units of administered anti-Xa dalteparin. * **Caution**: Avoid overdoses of protamine, as it has its own anticoagulant properties and can cause severe hypotension or anaphylactoid reactions.
VetSheet μ½λ¬Ό λ νΌλ°μ€λ λ©΄ν μμ μ λ¬Έκ°λ₯Ό μν μμ μμ¬κ²°μ 보쑰 λꡬμ΄λ©°, μ λ¬Έμ νλ¨μ΄λ μ μ‘°μ¬μ μ΅μ λΌλ²¨μ λμ νμ§ μμ΅λλ€.