디클로르보스

유기인계 항기생충약

디클로르보스(종종 DDVP로 약칭됨)는 역사적으로 광범위 구충제 및 외부기생충 구제제로 사용된 휘발성이 강한 **유기인계** 화합물입니다. * **수의학적 용도**: 주로 돼지의 경구용 구충제(회충, 편충, 결절유선충 표적) 및 소형 포유류와 축사 파리 구제를 위한 외부기생충 구제제(예: '노 페스트 스트립')로 사용됩니다. * **역사적 배경**: 과거에는 개, 고양이, 말의 체내용으로 사용되었으나, 현재 이들 종에서는 더 새롭고 안전하며 효과적인 구충제(마크로라이드계 및 벤즈이미다졸계 등)로 완전히 대체되었습니다. > **임상 요점**: 디클로르보스는 휘발성이 매우 높기 때문에, 밀폐된 공간에서 날아다니는 곤충과 외부기생충을 통제하기 위해 공기 중으로 화학물질을 서서히 방출하는 수지 스트립(방충 패치)에 사용하기에 특히 적합합니다.

작용 기전: Dichlorvos acts by phosphorylating and inhibiting the enzyme **acetylcholinesterase (AChE)**. * **AChE Inhibition** → Prevents the breakdown of the neurotransmitter **acetylcholine (ACh)**. * **ACh Accumulation** → Continuous overstimulation of **nicotinic** and **muscarinic** receptors at the neuromuscular junction and autonomic synapses. * In susceptible parasites, this sustained depolarization leads to spastic paralysis and subsequent death. > **Pharmacological Note**: Organophosphate binding to AChE can become irreversible over time through a process called "aging." Prompt treatment of toxicity is required before aging occurs.

동물 종별 용량

Swine

Internal parasites (Ascaris, Trichuris, Ascarops strongylina, Oesophagostomum spp.) · Specific amounts of feed per packet are dependent on pig weight. See the label for specific recommendations. · PO · Once · Single treatment · Administered by adding to feed (crumble-type or dry meal).

SmallMammals

Ectoparasite control · Hang 5 cm of a dichlorvos strip (e.g., Vapona No Pest Strip) 6 inches above cage for 24 hours, twice weekly for 3 weeks; OR hang in room for 24 hours once a week for 6 weeks; OR a 1 inch square laid on cage for 24 hours once a week for 6 weeks · Environmental · Twice weekly or once weekly · 3 to 6 weeks · For Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

POEnvironmental (Strip/Spray)

금기

Concurrent use of other cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs, pesticides, or chemicals
Allowing fowl access to medicated feed or manure from treated animals

이상반응

Vomiting
Tremors
Bradycardia
Respiratory distress
Hyperexcitability
Salivation
Diarrhea

약물 상호작용

Acepromazine (and other phenothiazines) · May potentiate organophosphate toxicity; should not be given within one month of worming with an organophosphate.
Anticholinesterase drugs (e.g., neostigmine, physostigmine, pyridostigmine) · Additive cholinesterase inhibition; avoid concurrent use.
DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) · Has anticholinesterase activity; avoid concurrent use with organophosphates.
Morphine · Can inhibit cholinesterase; avoid concurrent use.
Pyrantel pamoate or tartrate · Adverse effects could be intensified if used concomitantly.
Succinylcholine · Prolonged neuromuscular blockade; do not use depolarizing muscle relaxants for at least 48 hours after organophosphate administration.

모니터링

Efficacy (resolution of parasite burden)
Signs of organophosphate toxicity (SLUDDE signs, tremors, respiratory distress)

과용량

> **Toxicity Warning**: Organophosphate overdosage causes severe cholinergic crisis, classically remembered by the acronym **SLUDDE** (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Dyspnea, Emesis). **Clinical Signs of Toxicity**: * Vomiting, diarrhea, and hypersalivation. * Muscle tremors, hyperexcitability, and seizures. * Bradycardia and severe respiratory distress (bronchoconstriction and increased secretions). **Treatment & Antidotes**: * **Atropine**: Acts as a muscarinic receptor antagonist to control life-threatening bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, and excessive secretions. * **Pralidoxime (2-PAM)**: An AChE reactivator that can reverse neuromuscular blockade (tremors/weakness) if administered before the enzyme-toxin complex "ages." * **Avoid**: Succinylcholine, theophylline, aminophylline, reserpine, or respiratory depressant drugs (e.g., narcotics, phenothiazines). * **Human Exposure**: If ingested by a human, immediately contact a poison control center, physician, or hospital emergency room.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.