디클라주릴

항원충제 (트리아진계)

**디클라주릴(Diclazuril)**은 트리아진(벤젠아세토니트릴) 계열에 속하는 강력하고 광범위한 항원충제입니다. 주요 임상 적용: - **말**: *Sarcocystis neurona*에 의한 말 원충성 척수뇌염(EPM) 치료제로 FDA 승인을 받았습니다. - **가축 및 가금류**: 육계, 송아지, 양의 항콕시듐제로 널리 사용됩니다. - **소동물**: 개와 고양이의 난치성 콕시듐증, 네오스포라(*Neospora caninum*) 및 톡소플라스마(*Toxoplasma*) 감염 치료에 오프라벨로 사용됩니다. > **임상 팁**: EPM의 원충 감염을 제거하는 데는 매우 효과적이지만, 기생충의 중추신경계 이동으로 인해 이미 발생한 신경 손상은 되돌릴 수 없습니다.

작용 기전: Diclazuril specifically targets the **apicoplast** (a plastid-like organelle) found uniquely in the *Apicomplexa* phylum (which includes *Sarcocystis*, *Toxoplasma*, and *Eimeria*). - **Mechanism**: It disrupts essential metabolic pathways within the apicoplast (likely involving lipid and heme biosynthesis) → halts intracellular schizogony and gametogony → **parasiticidal** effect. - **Potency**: It is highly potent, with *in vitro* concentrations required to inhibit 95% of *S. neurona* being exceptionally low (~1 ng/mL).

동물 종별 용량

Sheep

Therapeutic use (lambs) · 1 mg/kg (1 mL of the 2.5mg/mL suspension per 2.5 kg bodyweight) PO once · PO · once · Recommended to treat all lambs in flock.
Preventative use (lambs) · 1 mg/kg PO · PO · once · Administer at about 4-6 weeks of age at the time that coccidiosis can normally be expected. Under high infection pressure, a second treatment may be indicated about 3 weeks after the first dosing.

Cats

Coccidiosis · 25 mg/kg PO once · PO · once
Coccidiosis in kittens · 1 mL (2.5 mg) PO of the sheep solution per 4 kg body mass · PO · once
Isospora spp. infections · 25 mg/kg PO once · PO · once

Cattle

As an aid to control coccidiosis (calves) · 1 mg/kg (1 mL of the 2.5 mg/mL suspension per 2.5 kg bodyweight) PO as a single dose · PO · once · Administer 14 days after moving into a potentially high risk environment. Recommended to treat all calves in pen.

Horses

Treatment of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (S. neurona) · Top dress at the rate of 1 mg/kg bodyweight · PO · q24h · 28 days · Using the oral pellets and the provided cup. If horse's bodyweight is in between two graduations on the dosing cup, fill the cup to the higher of the two marks.

Dogs

투여 경로

금기

Hypersensitivity to diclazuril
Safe use in horses used for breeding, during pregnancy, or in lactation has not been evaluated

이상반응

Severe diarrhea (rarely, in highly susceptible lambs)

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (neurologic exams)

과용량

Limited information is available, but the drug appears to have a large safety margin in animals. Normal horses dosed up to 50 mg/kg/day (50X) for 42 days developed only marginal effects (decreased weight gain, increased creatinine, BUN). Doses of up to 60X in lambs and calves did not cause any demonstrable side effects.

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