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디메틸설폭사이드 (DMSO)

Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

Sulphinylbismethane

자유 라디칼 소거제 / 항염증제TopicalIVPOIntravesical (bladder instillation)개고양이말

다른 이름: Domoso · Kemsol · Rheumabene · Synotic · Rimso-50 · DMSO · dimethyl sulphoxide · dimethylis sulfoxidum · NSC-763 · SQ-9453 · Dimethyl sulfoxide

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

Liberal application should be administered topically to the skin over the affected area 3-4 times daily. Total daily dosage should not exceed 20 grams (or mL of liquid)topical· q6-8h· Max 14 days
20 g — 개체당 고정 용량(체중에 따라 환산하지 않음)

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Acute swelling due to traumaLiberal application should be administered topically to the skin over the affected area 3-4 times daily. Total daily dosage should not exceed 20 grams (or mL of liquid)topicalq6-8hMax 14 days🌎 NA
Calcinosis cutisApply topically to a small area of the body initially (if extensive areas are involved) once daily; and as these areas improve, add new treatment areas.topicalq24h—🌎 NA
Persistent cases of hemorrhagic cystitis (secondary to cyclophosphamide tx)10 mL of DMSO medical grade 50% solution is diluted with 10 mL of water and instilled into bladder and removed after 20 minutes.intravesicalonce20 minutes🌎 NA
Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant (e.g., doxorubicin)Dose not specified in monograph; apply to affected areatopicalNot specifiedNot specified🌍 EU
Haemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamideDose not specified in monographIntravesicalNot specifiedNot specified🌍 EU
Canine calcinosis cutisDose not specified in monographtopicalNot specifiedNot specified🌍 EU
Renal amyloidosisDose not specified in monographPO/IV/SCNot specifiedNot specified🌍 EU
  • Calcinosis cutis: Dogs may 'feel bad' if large areas are treated initially, but do not become hypercalcemic.
  • Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant (e.g., doxorubicin): Wear gloves during application.
  • Haemorrhagic cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide: Instilled directly into the bladder.
  • Canine calcinosis cutis: Anecdotal evidence. Monitor serum calcium due to risk of renal calcification.
  • Renal amyloidosis: Efficacy is unproven.

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicantDose not specified in monograph; apply to affected areatopicalNot specifiedNot specified🌍 EU
  • Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant: Wear gloves during application.

말

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Acute swelling due to traumaLiberal application should be administered topically to the skin over the affected area 2-3 times daily. Total daily dosage should not exceed 100 grams (or mL of liquid)topicalq8-12hMax 30 days🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment with surgical colics25 mg/kg IV intraoperatively and continued twice daily for the first 24-48 hours post-op.IVq12h24-48 hours🌎 NA
Acute rhabdomyolysis1 g/kg in a 10% solution of lactated Ringer's or Multisol IV or orally.IV/POonce—🌎 NA
Adjunctive treatment for laminitis0.1-1 g/kg IV, 2-3 times dailyIVq8-12h—🌎 NA
  • Adjunctive treatment with surgical colics: Administer slowly at 10% concentration.
  • Acute rhabdomyolysis: May be given in the acute stages once hydration status has been restored.
  • Adjunctive treatment for laminitis: Administer slowly at 10% concentration.

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

​디메틸설폭사이드(DMSO)​는 독특한 약리학적 특성을 지닌 매우 다재다능한 쌍극성 비양성자성 용매입니다. 수의학에서는 주로 ​자유 라디칼 소거제​ 및 ​국소 항염증제​로 사용됩니다.

  • ​주요 승인 용도:​ 개와 말에서 외상으로 인한 급성 부종을 줄이기 위한 국소 도포제로 FDA 승인을 받았습니다.
  • ​허가 외 사용:​ 중추신경계 외상, 뇌부종, 일과성 허혈 상태, 피부 궤양, 화상, 장 수술 보조 요법, 아밀로이드증 및 항암제(예: 독소루비신) 일출로 인한 조직 손상 제한.
  • ​침투 촉진제:​ DMSO는 비가역적인 손상을 일으키지 않고 온전한 피부와 생체막을 쉽게 통과합니다. 강력한 운반체 역할을 하여 다른 약물(예: 코르티코스테로이드, 항생제, 진통제) 및 잠재적인 독성 화합물의 경피 흡수를 촉진합니다.
  • ​임상적 주의사항:​ 흡습성이 매우 강하여 실내 공기에 노출되면 스스로 희석됩니다. 산업용 불순물이 전신 순환으로 유입되는 것을 방지하기 위해 반드시 의료용 DMSO를 사용해야 합니다.

작용 기전

DMSO exhibits a diverse array of pharmacological effects through multiple pathways:

  • ​Free Radical Scavenging:​ DMSO directly traps the ​free radical hydroxide (OH•)​, while its primary metabolite, ​dimethyl sulfide (DMS)​, traps free radical oxygen. This mechanism underpins its anti-inflammatory, cryopreservative, anti-ischemic, and radioprotective qualities.
  • ​Enzyme Inhibition:​ Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase → slows the metabolism of alcohol and prevents the conversion of ethylene glycol into its toxic metabolites (making it a potential, though less common, antidote for antifreeze toxicity).
  • ​Prostaglandin Modulation:​ Enhances ​Prostaglandin E (PGE)​ but blocks the synthesis of PGE2, PGF2-alpha, PGH2, and PGG2, contributing to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • ​Vascular Effects:​ Provokes histamine release from mast cells → local vasodilation. It also decreases platelet aggregation.
  • ​Neuromuscular:​ Exhibits weak anticholinesterase activity.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Mastocytomas (due to mast cell degranulation)
  • Dehydration or shock (diuretic and vasodilatory effects may exacerbate)
  • Pregnancy (teratogenic at high doses in some species; use with extreme caution)

부작용

  • Local 'burning', erythema, vesiculation, and dry skin (topical)
  • Garlic or oyster-like breath odor
  • Lenticular changes (myopia) with chronic high doses
  • Hemolysis and hemoglobinuria (IV in horses, especially at >10% concentration or rapid administration)
  • Diarrhea, muscle tremors, and colic (IV in horses)
  • Rare hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity

주의

​Handling Warning:​ Always wear rubber gloves when applying topically. Apply with clean or sterile cotton to clean, dry skin to prevent carrying harmful impurities or environmental toxins into the systemic circulation.

  • ​Masking Pathology:​ Potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity may mask existing pathology.
  • ​IV Administration:​ In horses, administer IV slowly and at concentrations of 10% (maximum 20%) to minimize hemolysis and hemoglobinuria.
  • ​Odor:​ Owners should be warned about the strong garlic/oyster breath odor that develops shortly after administration, regardless of route.

약물 상호작용

Organophosphates / Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Avoid concurrent use due to DMSO's anticholinesterase activity.

Mercury salts

Can cause fatal mercury intoxication if mixed and applied topically.

Alcohol

DMSO inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and may prolong the effects of alcohol.

Insulin

May be potentiated by DMSO.

Corticosteroids

May be potentiated by DMSO.

Atropine

May be potentiated by DMSO.

Topical toxins or other topical medicationsMajor

Profound enhancement of systemic absorption of the co-administered substance, potentially leading to systemic toxicity.

DexrazoxaneModerate

DMSO may decrease the activity and efficacy of dexrazoxane; concurrent use should be discouraged.

모니터링

  • Clinical efficacy (reduction in swelling/inflammation)
  • Hemoglobinuria and hematocrit (especially in horses receiving IV therapy)
  • Ophthalmic exams (with high doses or chronic use in dogs to monitor for lenticular changes)

약동학

반감기

말~9 hours (IV)개~1.5 days

흡수

Well absorbed after topical administration, especially at concentrations between 80-100%.

분포

Extensively and rapidly distributed to virtually every area of the body.

대사

Metabolized to dimethyl sulfide (DMS).

배설

Primarily excreted by the kidneys, although biliary and respiratory excretion also takes place. Rapidly eliminated in cattle (no detectable drug/metabolites after 20 days).

과다투여

The reported LD50 following IV dosage is approximately 4 g/kg in cats and 2.5 g/kg in dogs.

​Clinical Signs of Toxicity:​

  • Non-lethal doses: Sedation and hematuria.
  • Higher dosages: Coma, seizures, opisthotonus, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema.

​Treatment:​ Should an acute overdosage be encountered, treat supportively.

제품

제형

  • Topical Gel (90%)
  • Topical Solution (90%)
  • Aqueous Solution (50%)
  • Otic Solution (60% with fluocinolone)

동물용의약품

  • Domoso® Gel 90% (60 g, 120 g, 425 g)
  • Domoso® Solution 90% (1 pint, 1 gallon)
  • Synotic® Otic Solution (DMSO 60% + fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%)

인용의약품

  • Rimso-50® (50% aqueous solution in 50 mL)

규제 현황

European Union✓ 승인됨처방전의약품EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM (Prescription Only Medicine)

United Kingdom✓ 승인됨처방전의약품VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats

POM-V (Prescription Only Medicine - Veterinarian)

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Must be stored in airtight containers away from light. Store in glass or in the original manufacturer's plastic container (DMSO reacts with some plastics). If exposed to room air, it will self-dilute to a concentration of 66-67% due to its hygroscopic nature.

보호자 정보

​반려동물 보호자를 위한 중요 안전 지침:​

  • ​처방된 의료용 제품만 사용:​ 철물점 등에서 판매하는 산업용 또는 비의료용 DMSO는 절대 사용하지 마십시오. 유해한 불순물이 포함되어 있을 수 있으며, DMSO가 이를 반려동물의 혈류로 직접 운반할 수 있습니다.
  • ​보호자 안전:​ 이 약을 바를 때는 ​반드시 고무장갑을 착용​하십시오. 피부에 닿으면 흡수되어 곧 입에서 마늘 맛이 날 수 있습니다!
  • ​도포 방법:​ 깨끗하고 건조한 피부에 깨끗하거나 멸균된 솜을 사용하여 바르십시오. 수의사의 명시적인 승인 없이 다른 연고, 벼룩 구제제 또는 화학 물질과 섞어 사용하지 마십시오. DMSO가 이러한 화학 물질을 체내로 끌어들일 수 있습니다.
  • ​냄새:​ 이 약을 사용하는 동안 반려동물의 입에서 강한 마늘이나 굴 같은 냄새가 나는 것은 완전히 정상입니다. 투약을 중단하면 이 냄새는 사라집니다.
  • ​보관 및 취급:​ 환기가 잘 되는 곳에서 사용하십시오. 흡입하거나 눈에 들어가지 않도록 주의하십시오. 특정 천을 손상시킬 수 있습니다. 공기 중의 수분을 흡수하여 스스로 희석되므로 사용하지 않을 때는 뚜껑을 단단히 닫아두십시오. 어린이의 손이 닿지 않는 곳에 보관하십시오.

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