디펜히드라민

동물 종별 용량

투여 경로

금기

• Hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine or other antihistamines in its class
• Angle closure glaucoma
• Prostatic hypertrophy
• Pyloroduodenal or bladder neck obstruction
• COPD (if mucosal secretions are a problem)
• Hyperthyroidism (use with caution)
• Cardiovascular disease or hypertension (use with caution)
• Seizure disorders (use with caution)
• Known hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine
• Glaucoma (due to anticholinergic effects)
• Prostatic hypertrophy or urinary retention
• Gastrointestinal obstruction
• Use with caution in working dogs due to sedation

이상반응

• CNS depression (lethargy, somnolence)
• Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urinary retention)
• GI effects (diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia)
• Paradoxical excitement (especially in cats)
• Sedation/lethargy
• Dry mouth (xerostomia)
• Urinary retention
• Tachycardia
• Gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia)

약물 상호작용

• Anticholinergic drugs (including tricyclic antidepressants) · May potentiate anticholinergic effects
• CNS depressant drugs · Increased sedation can occur
• CNS Depressants (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates) · Additive sedation and central nervous system depression · moderate
• Anticholinergic drugs · Additive anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention) · moderate
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) · May prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines · major
• CNS Depressants (e.g., Diazepam, Phenobarbital, Gabapentin) · Additive CNS depression and sedation · moderate
• Anticholinergic drugs (e.g., Atropine, Glycopyrrolate) · Additive anticholinergic effects (tachycardia, dry mouth, ileus) · moderate
• Tricyclic Antidepressants (e.g., Amitriptyline) · Increased risk of anticholinergic toxicity and sedation · moderate

모니터링

• Clinical efficacy (reduction in pruritus, allergic signs, or vomiting)
• Adverse effects (excessive sedation, anticholinergic signs)
• Resolution of allergic signs or pruritus
• Degree of sedation
• Heart rate (monitor for tachycardia)
• Urination frequency (monitor for retention)

과용량

Overdosage can cause **CNS stimulation** (ranging from excitement to seizures) or **CNS depression** (lethargy to coma), severe anticholinergic effects, respiratory depression, and death. **Treatment**: * Empty the gut after oral ingestion using standard protocols. * Induce emesis if the patient is alert and CNS status is stable. * Administer a saline cathartic and/or activated charcoal after emesis or gastric lavage. * Provide symptomatic and supportive therapies. * **Seizure management**: Phenytoin (IV) is recommended in humans for seizures caused by antihistamine overdose; **barbiturates and diazepam should be avoided**.