엔로플록사신
Enrofloxacin
1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
다른 이름: Baytril · Enrocare · Enrox · Xeden · Zobuxa · Bay-Vp-2674 · Enrofloxacine · Enrofloxacino · Enrofloxacinum
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5-20 mg/kg per day PO | PO | q24h or divided q12h | At least 2-3 days beyond cessation of clinical signs, max 30 days | 🌎 NA |
| Sepsis | 5-20 mg/kg IV | IV | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Skin, urinary infections | 2.5-5 mg/kg PO | PO | q12h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Deep pyodermas, complicated urinary infections | 5 mg/kg PO | PO | q24h | 7-14 days (up to 10-12 weeks for deep pyoderma) | 🌎 NA |
| Lower respiratory tract infections | 5-10 mg/kg PO | PO | q24h | 7-84 days | 🌎 NA |
| Prostate infections | 5 mg/kg PO | PO | q12h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Histiocytic ulcerative colitis | 5 mg/kg PO | PO | q12h | 21-90 days | 🌎 NA |
| Histiocytic ulcerative colitis | 5-10 mg/kg PO | PO | q24h | At least 4-6 weeks | 🌎 NA |
| Hemotropic mycoplasmosis | 5 mg/kg PO, IM | PO, IM | q12h | 7-14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Systemic orthopedic infections | 5-11 mg/kg PO, IV, IM, SC | PO, IV, IM, SC | q12h | 10 days | 🌎 NA |
| Pseudomonas infections in soft tissues | 11-20 mg/kg PO, IM, SC | PO, IM, SC | q12h | 7 days minimum | 🌎 NA |
| Bacteremia, sepsis | 11 mg/kg PO, IV, IM, SC | PO, IV, IM, SC | q12h | As long as necessary | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 5 mg/kg | SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Prostatitis or specific sites | 10 mg/kg | SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Pulse dosing regimens may be effective.
- Prostatitis or specific sites: Even higher doses may be necessary for certain isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Contact manufacturer to discuss.
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5 mg/kg per day PO | PO | q24h or divided q12h | At least 2-3 days beyond cessation of clinical signs, max 30 days | 🌎 NA |
| Hemoplasmosis | 5-10 mg/kg PO | PO | q24h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections | 5 mg/kg | SC | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible infections | 2.5 mg/kg | PO | q12h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
| Susceptible infections | 5 mg/kg | PO | q24h | Not specified | 🌍 EU |
- Susceptible infections: Do not exceed 5 mg/kg/day due to risk of blindness.
- Susceptible infections: Do not exceed 5 mg/kg/day due to risk of irreversible retinal blindness.
- Susceptible infections: Do not exceed 5 mg/kg/day total.
- Susceptible infections: Do not exceed 5 mg/kg/day total.
소형 포유류
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pasteurella upper respiratory infections in rabbits | 15-20 mg/kg PO | PO | q12h | Minimum 14 days to several months | 🌎 NA |
| Pasteurella in rabbits | 5 mg/kg PO, SC, IM or IV | PO, SC, IM, IV | q12h | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections in hedgehogs | 5-10 mg/kg PO or SC | PO, SC | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections in chinchillas | 5-10 mg/kg PO, IM | PO, IM | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Mycoplasmal pneumonia in mice and rats | 10 mg/kg PO | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections in Chinchillas, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats | 5-10 mg/kg PO or IM q12h or 5-20 mg/kg PO or SC q24h | PO, IM, SC | q12h or q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections in Chinchillas, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats (Drinking water) | 50-200 mg/liter | PO | Continuous | 14 days | 🌎 NA |
| Chronic respiratory disease in rats | 10-25 mg/kg PO | PO | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Pasteurella upper respiratory infections in rabbits: First dose may be SC, do NOT give subsequent doses SC.
- Pasteurella in rabbits: If giving SC, dilute or skin may slough.
- Mycoplasmal pneumonia in mice and rats: Given with doxycycline.
- Susceptible infections in Chinchillas, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats: Do not use in young animals.
- Chronic respiratory disease in rats: If using theophylline concurrently, reduce theophylline dose by 30%.
페렛
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 10-20 mg/kg PO, IM, SC | PO, IM, SC | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
새
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empirical treatment in stable, immunocompetent Psittacines | 20 mg/kg PO | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Debilitated immunocompetent Psittacines | 15-20 mg/kg SC in fluid pocket | SC | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Debilitated, immunocompromised Psittacines | 15-20 mg/kg SC in fluid pocket | SC | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections in Ratites | 1.5-2.5 mg/kg PO or SC | PO, SC | q12h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections in Ratites (Drinking water) | 10% solution, 10 mg/kg | PO | Daily | 3 days | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections in Ratites (IM) | 5 mg/kg IM | IM | q12h | 2 days | 🌎 NA |
- Empirical treatment in stable, immunocompetent Psittacines: Given with amoxicillin/clavulanate.
- Susceptible infections in Ratites (IM): IM injections cause severe muscle necrosis.
파충류
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible respiratory infections for most species | 5 mg/kg IM | IM | Every 5 days | 25 days | 🌎 NA |
| Chronic respiratory infections in tortoises | 15 mg/kg IM | IM | Every 72 hours | 5-7 treatments | 🌎 NA |
말
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections | 5 mg/kg IV q24h; 5-7.5 mg/kg PO q24h | IV, PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible respiratory infections | 7.5 mg/kg PO or IV | PO, IV | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
| Susceptible infections (using compounded gel) | 7.5 mg/kg PO | PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
- Susceptible infections: Use in horses is controversial. Only use in adults when other antibiotics are inappropriate.
- Susceptible infections (using compounded gel): Fast for 11-14 hours prior and 1-2 hours after dosing. Rinse mouth with water after dosing.
소
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bovine respiratory disease | 2.5-5 mg/kg SC once daily for 3-5 days or 7.5-12.5 mg/kg SC once | SC | q24h or single dose | 3-5 days or once | 🌎 NA |
- Bovine respiratory disease: Not for dairy cattle or veal calves. 28-day slaughter withdrawal. Extra-label use prohibited.
양
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptible infections in alpacas (Camelids) | 5 mg/kg SC or 10 mg/kg PO | SC, PO | q24h | — | 🌎 NA |
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
엔로플록사신(Enrofloxacin)은 수의학용으로 특별히 개발된 광범위, 농도 의존성 플루오로퀴놀론계 항생제입니다.
- 항균 스펙트럼: 다양한 그람 음성 간균(예: 녹농균, 대장균, 클레브시엘라, 살모넬라) 및 많은 그람 양성 구균(예: 메티실린 내성균을 포함한 포도상구균)에 매우 효과적입니다.
- 제한점: 혐기성 세균에 대한 활성이 약하며, 연쇄상구균에 대한 효능은 가변적입니다.
- 임상적 특징: 지용성이 높아 전립선, 뼈, 뇌척수액, 세포 내(예: 대식세포 내부) 구획 등 도달하기 어려운 부위에도 우수한 조직 침투력을 제공하여 심부 및 세포 내 감염에 매우 효과적입니다.
작용 기전
Enrofloxacin exerts its rapid bactericidal effect by targeting key bacterial enzymes involved in DNA replication and transcription:
- Inhibits DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase II) → prevents the negative supercoiling of bacterial DNA required for replication.
- Inhibits Topoisomerase IV → interferes with the separation of interlinked replicated DNA molecules.
Result: Disruption of DNA synthesis → double-strand DNA breaks → rapid bacterial cell death within 20-30 minutes of exposure.
Pharmacodynamic Pearl: Enrofloxacin exhibits a significant post-antibiotic effect (PAE) for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, meaning bacterial growth continues to be suppressed even after drug concentrations fall below the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC).
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Small and medium breed dogs 2 to 8 months of age (risk of cartilage damage)
- Large and giant breed dogs during their rapid-growth phase (may extend past 8 months)
- Patients hypersensitive to quinolones
- Foals (highly susceptible to arthropathic effects)
- Food-producing animals (extra-label use is strictly prohibited by the FDA)
- Dairy cattle or veal calves
- Growing dogs (<1 year of age; large-breed dogs <18 months of age)
- Cats <8 weeks of age
- Animals with known seizure disorders (relative contraindication)
부작용
- Gastrointestinal distress (vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea)
- CNS stimulation (seizures, depression, lethargy, nervousness, ataxia)
- Cartilage abnormalities in young, growing animals
- Ocular toxicity/blindness in cats (at doses >5 mg/kg/day)
- Crystalluria (especially in dehydrated patients)
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Elevated hepatic enzymes
- Tissue damage or pain at injection site (especially SC)
- Irreversible retinal blindness (cats)
- Cartilage abnormalities (growing dogs)
- Gastrointestinal upset (vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia)
- CNS toxicity / seizures (especially at high doses or with NSAIDs)
주의
Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders due to potential CNS stimulation.
Ensure patients remain well-hydrated to prevent crystalluria.
Patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment may require dosage adjustments to prevent drug accumulation.
Intravenous Administration Risks: Rapid or undiluted IV administration in dogs increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, vomiting, and mast cell degranulation. Do not mix injectable enrofloxacin with any IV solution containing magnesium (e.g., Normosol-R, Plasmalyte) as micro-precipitants can lodge in the lungs, causing morbidity or mortality.
Feline Precautions: Doses exceeding 5 mg/kg/day in cats are associated with severe ocular toxicity, including irreversible retinal degeneration and blindness.
약물 상호작용
Cations bind to enrofloxacin and prevent its absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Synergism may occur, though unpredictable against some bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
May exacerbate nephrotoxicity and reduce the metabolism of systemic cyclosporine.
Increases the AUC and elimination half-life of both enrofloxacin and flunixin in dogs.
Severe hypoglycemia is possible.
Decreased enrofloxacin absorption; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
Increased methotrexate levels possible, resulting in toxicity.
May antagonize the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones; concomitant use is not recommended.
May alter phenytoin blood levels.
Blocks tubular secretion of ciprofloxacin (active metabolite), increasing its blood level and half-life.
Increased risk for cardiotoxicity.
May inhibit absorption of enrofloxacin; separate doses by at least 2 hours.
May increase theophylline blood levels (by about 30-50% in dogs).
Potential for increased warfarin effects.
Binds fluoroquinolones, preventing GI absorption
Inhibits absorption (separate dosing by at least 2 hours)
May reduce the clearance of fluoroquinolones
Decreases metabolism and increases nephrotoxicity of ciclosporin
Decreases metabolism and increases nephrotoxicity of tacrolimus
Potentiates CNS adverse effects (seizure risk)
May increase the action of anticoagulants
모니터링
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection)
- Adverse effects (GI upset, CNS signs)
- In cats: Monitor closely for mydriasis (dilated pupils) and/or retinal changes/vision loss
- Vision and pupillary light reflexes in cats
- Neurological status, especially in patients with a history of seizures
- Joint pain or lameness in young animals (if inadvertently administered)
약동학
반감기
흡수
Well absorbed after oral administration in most species. In dogs, oral bioavailability is ~80% (twice that of ciprofloxacin). Horses: 60-80%. Sheep: 65-75%. Peak levels (Cmax) occur within 1 hour of dosing. Food may delay the rate but not the extent of absorption.
분포
Widely distributed throughout the body. Volume of distribution (Vd) in dogs is ~3-4 L/kg. Only ~27% bound to canine plasma proteins. Concentrates in macrophages, bile, kidney, liver, lungs, and reproductive system (prostate). Therapeutic levels attained in bone, synovial fluid, skin, muscle, aqueous humor, and pleural fluid. Low concentrations in CSF (6-10% of serum levels).
대사
Metabolized to various metabolites. Approximately 10-40% of circulating enrofloxacin is metabolized to the active compound ciprofloxacin in most species (dogs, cats, adult horses, cattle, turtles, snakes). Foals, pigs, and some lizards do not convert much enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin.
배설
Eliminated via both renal (tubular secretion and glomerular filtration) and non-renal (feces/hepatic) mechanisms. Approximately 15-50% is eliminated unchanged in the urine.
과다투여
Acute overdoses in dogs typically result in gastrointestinal signs (anorexia, vomiting). Dogs receiving 10X the labeled dose for 14 days developed only vomiting and anorexia. However, extreme overdoses (25X the labeled rate for 11 days) resulted in death.
In cats, overdoses can be severe and irreversible. Doses of 20 mg/kg or more can cause retinopathy, blindness, and seizures.
Common signs of toxicity reported to poison control include vomiting, lethargy, seizures, anorexia, depression, and diarrhea in dogs; and seizures and recumbency in cats.
제품
제형
- Tablets (film-coated)
- Oral taste tablets
- Injectable solution (2.27% for small animals, 10% for large animals)
- Compounded oral suspension or gel
- Injectable: 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml
- Oral tablets: 15 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg
- Oral solution: 25 mg/ml
동물용의약품
- Enrofloxacin Tablets (Film-Coated) & Oral Taste Tablets: 22.7 mg, 68 mg, 136 mg (Baytril)
- Enrofloxacin Injection: 22.7 mg/mL (2.27%) in 20 mL vials (Baytril)
- Enrofloxacin Injection: 100 mg/mL (10%) in 100 mL and 250 mL bottles (Baytril 100)
- Enrocare
- Enrotron
- Enroxil
- Fenoflox
- Floxabactin
- Powerflox
- Quinoflox
- Xeden
- Zobuxa
인용의약품
- None
규제 현황
POM-V. Subject to strict antimicrobial stewardship guidelines.
POM-V
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Tablets should be stored in tight containers at temperatures less than 30°C and protected from strong UV light. The 2.27% injection should be protected from light and not frozen. The 10% cattle injection should be protected from sunlight, not refrigerated or frozen, and stored below 40°C (104°F). If exposed to cold, precipitation may occur; warm and shake to redissolve.
보호자 정보
고양이 보호자를 위한 중요 주의사항: 수의사가 지시한 복용량을 절대 초과하지 마십시오. 고양이에게 고용량을 투여하면 영구적인 실명을 유발할 수 있습니다. 고양이의 동공이 비정상적으로 커지거나 시력에 문제가 있어 보이면 즉시 투여를 중단하고 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
- 투여 방법: 가급적 공복에 투여하십시오. 하지만 약을 먹고 구토를 하거나 속이 불편해 보인다면 소량의 음식과 함께 투여할 수 있습니다.
- 알약 취급: 필름 코팅된 알약을 부수지 마십시오. 약물 내부가 매우 써서 부수어 먹일 경우 반려동물이 거부하거나 침을 과도하게 흘릴 수 있습니다.
- 수분 공급: 요로결석(결정뇨)을 예방하기 위해 약을 복용하는 동안 항상 신선한 물을 충분히 마실 수 있게 해주십시오.
- 어린 동물: 정상적인 관절 및 연골 발달을 방해할 수 있으므로 성장 중인 어린 강아지나 고양이에게는 일반적으로 권장되지 않습니다.
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