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에탄올

Ethanol

Ethyl alcohol

해독제IVPOPercutaneousAerosol개고양이

다른 이름: Grain alcohol · Everclear · Vodka (used for compounding) · Medical alcohol · aethanolum · alcool · ethyl alcohol · EtOH

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

5.5 mL/kg IV q4h for 5 treatments, then q6h for four additional treatmentsIV· q4h then q6h· 9 treatments total
— 🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Ethylene glycol poisoning5.5 mL/kg IV q4h for 5 treatments, then q6h for four additional treatmentsIVq4h then q6h9 treatments total🌎 NA
Ethylene glycol poisoning8.6 mL/kg slowly IV followed by a CRI of 1.43 mL/kg/hrIVCRIat least 36 hours although 48 hours is probably better🌎 NA
Ethylene glycol toxicity5.5 ml of 20% ethanol solution/kgIVq4h for 5 treatments, then q6h for 4 additional treatments9 treatments total🌍 EU
Ethylene glycol toxicity (CRI method)Loading dose of 1.3 ml/kg of 30% solution, then 0.42 mg/kg/hIVCRI48 hours🌍 EU
Ethylene glycol toxicity (mild cases)As directed (equivalent to IV dosing)POAs directedUntil toxicity resolves🌍 EU
  • Ethylene glycol poisoning: As a 20% solution; dosed as a CRI over 1 hour
  • Ethylene glycol poisoning: Make a 7% ethanol solution. If EG test was positive initially, check before stopping treatment; discontinue if it reverts to negative.
  • Ethylene glycol toxicity: Adjust dose to maintain blood ethanol levels above 35 mg/dl.
  • Ethylene glycol toxicity (CRI method): Constant rate infusion method.
  • Ethylene glycol toxicity (mild cases): For clinically mild cases with minimal CNS signs; vodka is often used.

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Ethylene glycol poisoning5 mL/kg IV q6h for 5 treatments, then q8h for four additional treatmentsIVq6h then q8h9 treatments total🌎 NA
Ethylene glycol poisoning8.6 mL/kg slowly IV followed by a CRI of 1.43 mL/kg/hrIVCRIat least 36 hours although 48 hours is probably better🌎 NA
Ethylene glycol toxicity5 ml of 20% ethanol solution/kgIVq6h for 5 treatments, then q8h for 4 additional treatments9 treatments total🌍 EU
  • Ethylene glycol poisoning: As a 20% solution; dosed as a CRI over 1 hour
  • Ethylene glycol poisoning: Make a 7% ethanol solution. If EG test was positive initially, check before stopping treatment; discontinue if it reverts to negative.
  • Ethylene glycol toxicity: Fomepizole is generally preferred over ethanol in cats if available.

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

에탄올(에틸 알코올)은 수의학에서 주로 ​에틸렌 글리콜(부동액)​ 또는 ​메탄올​ 중독의 ​해독제​로 사용됩니다.

  • 현재는 ​포메피졸(4-MP)​이 에틸렌 글리콜 중독의 우선적인 치료제이지만, 섭취 후 몇 시간 내에 내원한 경우 에탄올은 쉽게 구할 수 있고 경제적인 대안이 됩니다.
  • ​기타 용도​: 95% 에탄올 경피 주사는 고양이 갑상선 기능 항진증 치료에 성공적으로 사용되었습니다. 또한 말에서 점액 운동 촉진제로 분무 형태로 사용되기도 합니다.

​임상 요점​: 의료용 에탄올을 구할 수 없는 응급 상황에서는 시판되는 증류주(보드카 등)를 수액에 혼합하여 생명을 구하는 치료에 사용하는 경우가 많습니다.

작용 기전

Ethanol acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.

  • Ethylene glycol/Methanol + Alcohol dehydrogenase → Toxic metabolites (glycoaldehyde, glycolate, glyoxalate, and oxalic acid).
  • By occupying the enzyme, ethanol prevents this conversion, allowing the parent toxin (ethylene glycol or methanol) to be excreted primarily unchanged in the urine.
  • Note: For alcohol to be effective, it must be given very early after ingestion; it is seldom useful if started 8 hours after a significant ingestion.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Concurrent use with fomepizole (usually contraindicated)

부작용

  • CNS depression
  • Respiratory depression
  • Diuresis
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Metabolic acidosis
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Injection site pain and infection
  • Phlebitis
  • Extravasation injury
  • Bronchoconstriction and irritation (when aerosolized)

주의

Because ethylene glycol and methanol intoxications are life-threatening, there are no absolute contraindications to ethanol's use for these indications. Monitor fluid and electrolyte therapy requirements closely, as both the toxin and ethanol can cause diuresis. Watch for and avoid extravasation. Use during pregnancy only when necessary (FDA Category C). Ethanol may cause false positive reports on ethylene glycol screening tests.

약물 상호작용

Bromocriptine

Alcohol may increase the severity of side effects seen with bromocriptine

Activated Charcoal

Will inhibit absorption of orally administered ethanol; do not use if administering ethanol orally

CNS Depressant Drugs (barbiturates, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines)

Alcohol may cause additive CNS depression

Fomepizole (4-MP)

Inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase; ethanol metabolism is reduced significantly and alcohol poisoning (CNS depression, coma, death) can occur. Use together is generally not recommended.

Insulin and antidiabetic drugs

Alcohol may affect glucose metabolism and the actions of insulin or oral antidiabetic agents

Chlorpropamide, furazolidone, metronidazole

A disulfiram reaction (increased acetaldehyde with tachycardia, vomiting, weakness) may occur

FomepizoleMajor

Increases risk of severe alcohol toxicity; concurrent use should be avoided.

모니터링

  • Alcohol blood levels (maintain at 100 to 130 mg/dL; safer to maintain >130 mg/dL than to fall below 100 mg/dL)
  • Ethylene glycol or methanol levels
  • Degree of CNS effect
  • Fluid and electrolyte status

약동학

흡수

Well absorbed orally, but administered intravenously for toxicity treatment.

분포

Rapidly distributes throughout the body and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Crosses the placenta and passes freely into milk.

대사

Metabolized primarily in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase.

배설

Excreted primarily via metabolism, with small amounts excreted unchanged in urine and breath.

과다투여

If clinical signs of overdosage occur (lateral nystagmus, respiratory depression, profound obtundation), either slow the infusion or discontinue temporarily. Alcohol blood levels may be used to monitor both efficacy and toxicity of alcohol.

제품

제형

  • Intravenous infusion (often compounded)
  • Aerosol
  • Percutaneous injection

인용의약품

  • 5% Alcohol and 5% Dextrose in Water in 1000 mL
  • 10% Alcohol and 5% Dextrose in Water in 1000 mL

규제 현황

European Union✓ 승인됨처방전의약품EMA

POM (Prescription Only Medicine).

United Kingdom✓ 승인됨처방전의약품VMD

POM (Prescription Only Medicine).

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Alcohol should be protected from extreme heat or freezing. Do not use unless the solution is clear. Alcohol may precipitate many drugs; do not administer other medications in the alcohol infusion solution unless compatibility is documented.

보호자 정보

  • ​집중 치료​: 전신 투여되는 알코올은 생명을 구하는 해독제이며, 통제된 임상 환경(중환자실)에서 투여해야 합니다.
  • ​부작용​: 치료 기간 동안 반려동물은 기본적으로 "취한" 상태가 됩니다. 중추신경계, 호흡, 수분 및 전해질 균형을 면밀히 모니터링할 것입니다.
  • ​시간의 중요성​: 이 치료는 부동액이나 메탄올 섭취 직후에 시작할 때 가장 효과적입니다.

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