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**νλ‘λ₯΄νλμ½(Florfenicol)**μ ν΄λ‘λνλμ½ λ° ν°μνλμ½κ³Ό ꡬ쑰μ μΌλ‘ μ μ¬ν ν©μ± **κ΄λ²μ μ κ· νμμ **μ λλ€. **μ£Όμ μμ νΉμ§:** * **μμ μ± νλ‘νμΌ:** ν΄λ‘λνλμ½κ³Ό λ¬λ¦¬ νλ‘λ₯΄νλμ½μ μ¬λμμ νΉλ°μ±, λΉκ°μμ μ¬μλΆλμ± λΉνμ μ λ°νλ νλΌλνΈλ‘(p-nitro) κ·Έλ£Ήμ΄ μμ΅λλ€. λ°λΌμ μμ© λλ¬Ό λ° μ½λ¬Όμ μ·¨κΈνλ μ¬λμκ² ν¨μ¬ μμ ν©λλ€. * **μμνμ μΉμΈ:** μ£Όλ‘ μ(μ νΈν‘κΈ° μ§ν), λΌμ§ λ° μμμ (μ΄λ₯)μ μ¬μ©νλλ‘ FDA μΉμΈμ λ°μμ΅λλ€. * **νκ° μΈ μ¬μ©(Off-label Use):** ν΄λ‘λνλμ½μ 골μ λ μ± κ°λ₯μ±μ νΌν΄μΌ ν λ, μλλ¬Ό(κ°, κ³ μμ΄) λ° νΉμ λλ¬Όμ κ°μμ± μ μ μΈκ· λλ 리μΌμ°¨ κ°μΌ μΉλ£λ₯Ό μν΄ νκ° μΈλ‘ μμ£Ό μ¬μ©λ©λλ€. * **νκ· μ€ννΈλΌ:** *Mannheimia haemolytica*, *Pasteurella multocida*, *Histophilus somni*, *Mycoplasma bovis*λ₯Ό λΉλ‘―ν λ€μν κ·Έλ μμ± λ° κ·Έλ μμ±κ· μ λ§€μ° ν¨κ³Όμ μ λλ€.
μμ© κΈ°μ : Florfenicol is a time-dependent, primarily bacteriostatic antibiotic (though it can be bactericidal against certain highly susceptible respiratory pathogens). * **Mechanism:** It readily penetrates bacterial cells and binds reversibly to the **50S ribosomal subunit**. * **Pathway:** Binding to the 50S subunit β inhibits the enzyme **peptidyl transferase** β prevents peptide bond formation β **inhibits bacterial protein synthesis**. * **Resistance:** Because it is fluorinated at the 3' position, it is resistant to inactivation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, an enzyme that confers resistance to chloramphenicol in many bacteria.
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- Susceptible systemic (bacterial or rickettsial) infections Β· 22 mg/kg Β· IM, PO Β· q12h Β· 3-5 days Β· Oral dosage form not available, but solution given orally to experimental cats was well absorbed.
- Swine respiratory disease Β· In water at a concentration of 400 mg/gallon (100 ppm) Β· PO Β· continuous Β· 5 days Β· Use as only source of drinking water.
- Respiratory disease complex in kids Β· 20 mg/kg a day Β· IM Β· q24h Β· 2 days Β· Route not specified; assume IM.
- Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) Β· 20 mg/kg Β· IM Β· repeat in 48 hours Β· 2 doses Β· In neck muscle only. Do not exceed 10 mL per injection site.
- Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) Β· 40 mg/kg Β· SC Β· once Β· Single dose Β· In neck only.
- Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) Β· 40 mg/kg (6 mL/100 lb B.W .) Β· SC Β· once Β· Single dose Β· Do not administer more than 15 mL at each site. Neck only.
- BRD and control of BRD-associated pyrexia Β· 40 mg/kg florfenicol/2.2 mg/kg flunixin (6 mL/100 lb. B.W .) Β· SC Β· once Β· Single dose Β· Do not administer more than 10 mL at each site. Neck only.
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- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Veal calves or preruminating calves
- Cattle or swine of breeding age (effects on reproduction unknown)
- Female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older
- Tympanic membrane rupture (perforated eardrum)
- Hypersensitivity to florfenicol, terbinafine, or betamethasone
- Dogs with generalized demodicosis (due to corticosteroid component)
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- Cattle: Anorexia, decreased water consumption, diarrhea
- Cattle: Injection site reactions (may result in trim loss)
- Cattle: Anaphylaxis and collapse (rare)
- Small Animals: Pain on IM injection
- Small Animals: Gastrointestinal effects, including severe diarrhea
- Mild application site erythema
- Head shaking
- Transient hearing loss (rare)
- Altered hearing or deafness in older dogs (rare)
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- Penicillins Β· May antagonize the bactericidal activity of penicillins (theoretical, though often used together clinically).
- Aminoglycosides Β· May antagonize the bactericidal activity of aminoglycosides.
- Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin, tylosin) Β· May potentially antagonize activity due to competition for binding at the 50S ribosomal subunit.
- Lincosamides (e.g., clindamycin, lincomycin) Β· May potentially antagonize activity due to competition for binding at the 50S ribosomal subunit.
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- Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection/fever)
- Injection site reactions (swelling, pain, tissue necrosis)
- Gastrointestinal signs (appetite, stool consistency)
- Resolution of clinical signs of otitis externa
- Cytology to confirm clearance of bacteria and yeast
- Integrity of the tympanic membrane
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In toxicology studies, feeder calves injected with up to **10X the recommended dosage** exhibited transient adverse effects (anorexia, decreased water consumption, diarrhea) and increased serum enzymes. Long-term (43 day) standard dosage studies showed a transient decrease in feed consumption, but no long-term negative effects were noted. Treatment of acute overdose should be supportive and symptomatic.
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