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플로르페니콜

Florfenicol

Fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol (Sch-25298)

항생제 - 암페니콜계IMSCPOTopical개고양이소돼지양염소

다른 이름: Nuflor Gold · Resflor Gold · Aquaflor · Osurnia · Sch-25298 · Florfenicolum

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

WHO 고도로 중요한 항생제 — 책임감 있는 사용 권고
20 mg/kgIM· q8h· 3-5 days
— 🐕

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

동물 종별 용량

🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe

개

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Susceptible systemic (bacterial or rickettsial) infections20 mg/kgIMq8h3-5 days🌎 NA
Otitis externa (associated with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis)1 tube (1.2 g) per infected eartopicalRepeat once after 7 days2 doses total🌍 EU
  • Susceptible systemic (bacterial or rickettsial) infections: Used when myelotoxic potential of chloramphenicol is to be avoided.
  • Otitis externa (associated with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis): Clean ear before first dose. Do not clean before second dose or for 14 days after.

고양이

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Susceptible systemic (bacterial or rickettsial) infections22 mg/kgIM, POq12h3-5 days🌎 NA
  • Susceptible systemic (bacterial or rickettsial) infections: Oral dosage form not available, but solution given orally to experimental cats was well absorbed.

소

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD)20 mg/kgIMrepeat in 48 hours2 doses🌎 NA
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD)40 mg/kgSConceSingle dose🌎 NA
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD)40 mg/kg (6 mL/100 lb B.W .)SConceSingle dose🌎 NA
BRD and control of BRD-associated pyrexia40 mg/kg florfenicol/2.2 mg/kg flunixin (6 mL/100 lb. B.W .)SConceSingle dose🌎 NA
  • Bovine respiratory disease (BRD): In neck muscle only. Do not exceed 10 mL per injection site.
  • Bovine respiratory disease (BRD): In neck only.
  • Bovine respiratory disease (BRD): Do not administer more than 15 mL at each site. Neck only.
  • BRD and control of BRD-associated pyrexia: Do not administer more than 10 mL at each site. Neck only.

돼지

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Swine respiratory diseaseIn water at a concentration of 400 mg/gallon (100 ppm)POcontinuous5 days🌎 NA
  • Swine respiratory disease: Use as only source of drinking water.

양

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Respiratory disease complex in kids20 mg/kg a dayIMq24h2 days🌎 NA
  • Respiratory disease complex in kids: Route not specified; assume IM.

염소

적응증용량경로빈도기간지역
Respiratory disease complex in kids20 mg/kg a dayIMq24h2 days🌎 NA
  • Respiratory disease complex in kids: Route not specified; assume IM.

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

​플로르페니콜(Florfenicol)​은 클로람페니콜 및 티암페니콜과 구조적으로 유사한 합성 ​광범위 정균 항생제​입니다.

​주요 임상 특징:​

  • ​안전성 프로파일:​ 클로람페니콜과 달리 플로르페니콜은 사람에서 특발성, 비가역적 재생불량성 빈혈을 유발하는 파라니트로(p-nitro) 그룹이 없습니다. 따라서 식용 동물 및 약물을 취급하는 사람에게 훨씬 안전합니다.
  • ​수의학적 승인:​ 주로 소(소 호흡기 질환), 돼지 및 양식업(어류)에 사용하도록 FDA 승인을 받았습니다.
  • ​허가 외 사용(Off-label Use):​ 클로람페니콜의 골수 독성 가능성을 피해야 할 때, 소동물(개, 고양이) 및 특수 동물의 감수성 전신 세균 또는 리케차 감염 치료를 위해 허가 외로 자주 사용됩니다.
  • ​항균 스펙트럼:​ Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis를 비롯한 다양한 그람 양성 및 그람 음성균에 매우 효과적입니다.

작용 기전

Florfenicol is a time-dependent, primarily bacteriostatic antibiotic (though it can be bactericidal against certain highly susceptible respiratory pathogens).

  • ​Mechanism:​ It readily penetrates bacterial cells and binds reversibly to the 50S ribosomal subunit.
  • ​Pathway:​ Binding to the 50S subunit → inhibits the enzyme peptidyl transferase → prevents peptide bond formation → inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.
  • ​Resistance:​ Because it is fluorinated at the 3' position, it is resistant to inactivation by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, an enzyme that confers resistance to chloramphenicol in many bacteria.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • Intravenous (IV) administration
  • Veal calves or preruminating calves
  • Cattle or swine of breeding age (effects on reproduction unknown)
  • Female dairy cattle 20 months of age or older
  • Tympanic membrane rupture (perforated eardrum)
  • Hypersensitivity to florfenicol, terbinafine, or betamethasone
  • Dogs with generalized demodicosis (due to corticosteroid component)

부작용

  • Cattle: Anorexia, decreased water consumption, diarrhea
  • Cattle: Injection site reactions (may result in trim loss)
  • Cattle: Anaphylaxis and collapse (rare)
  • Small Animals: Pain on IM injection
  • Small Animals: Gastrointestinal effects, including severe diarrhea
  • Mild application site erythema
  • Head shaking
  • Transient hearing loss (rare)
  • Altered hearing or deafness in older dogs (rare)

주의

​Important Administration Warning:​ Do NOT administer intravenously (IV).

  • ​Injection Site:​ In cattle, injections should be given only in the neck muscle to minimize trim loss and severe tissue reactions.
  • ​Volume Limits:​ Do not exceed 10 mL (or 15 mL for Nuflor Gold) per injection site in cattle.
  • ​Residue Warnings:​ Strict adherence to slaughter withdrawal times is legally required for food-producing animals. Do not use in female dairy cattle ≥20 months of age or in veal calves.
  • ​Reproductive Safety:​ Safety in breeding, pregnant, or lactating animals has not been established.

약물 상호작용

Penicillins

May antagonize the bactericidal activity of penicillins (theoretical, though often used together clinically).

Aminoglycosides

May antagonize the bactericidal activity of aminoglycosides.

Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin, tylosin)

May potentially antagonize activity due to competition for binding at the 50S ribosomal subunit.

Lincosamides (e.g., clindamycin, lincomycin)

May potentially antagonize activity due to competition for binding at the 50S ribosomal subunit.

모니터링

  • Clinical efficacy (resolution of infection/fever)
  • Injection site reactions (swelling, pain, tissue necrosis)
  • Gastrointestinal signs (appetite, stool consistency)
  • Resolution of clinical signs of otitis externa
  • Cytology to confirm clearance of bacteria and yeast
  • Integrity of the tympanic membrane

약동학

반감기

고양이< 5 hours개< 5 hours (1.25 hours PO)

흡수

Cattle: ~79% bioavailable after IM injection. Dogs: Poorly absorbed after SC injection; good bioavailability (95%) after PO administration. Cats: High absorption of a 100 mg/mL solution when given IM or PO.

분포

Well distributed throughout the body, achieving therapeutic levels in the CSF. Cattle: Volume of distribution is ~0.7 L/kg; ~13% bound to serum proteins.

대사

Primarily hepatic metabolism (inferred from amphenicol class).

배설

Dogs: Total body clearance is ~1 L/kg/hr after IV administration; eliminated rapidly after PO administration.

과다투여

In toxicology studies, feeder calves injected with up to 10X the recommended dosage exhibited transient adverse effects (anorexia, decreased water consumption, diarrhea) and increased serum enzymes. Long-term (43 day) standard dosage studies showed a transient decrease in feed consumption, but no long-term negative effects were noted. Treatment of acute overdose should be supportive and symptomatic.

제품

제형

  • Injectable solution
  • Concentrate solution (water additive)
  • Feed additive
  • Topical ear gel (10 mg florfenicol, 10 mg terbinafine, 1 mg betamethasone acetate per 1.2 g dose)

동물용의약품

  • Florfenicol Injection: 300 mg/mL (NuFlor, Nuflor Gold)
  • Florfenicol 2.3% (23 mg/mL) Concentrate Solution (NuFlor Concentrate Solution)
  • Florfenicol 300 mg/mL with Flunixin 16.5 mg/mL Injection (Resflor Gold)
  • Florfenicol feed additives (Aquaflor for fish, and swine feed formulations)
  • Osurnia ear gel (10 mg florfenicol, 10 mg terbinafine, 1 mg betamethasone acetate per tube)

규제 현황

European Union✓ 승인됨처방전의약품EMA
🐕 Dogs

POM-V

United Kingdom✓ 승인됨처방전의약품VMD
🐕 Dogs

POM-V

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Florfenicol injection (Nuflor, Nuflor Gold) should be stored between 2°-30°C (36°-86°F). Use within 28 days of first use. The oral solution (swine) should be stored between 2°-26°C (36°-77°F). Resflor Gold should not be stored above 30°C (86°F), used within 28 days, and the vial should not be punctured more than 10 times.

보호자 정보

소동물(개, 고양이) 보호자를 위한 안내

  • ​투여:​ 이 약을 경구로 투여할 경우(액상 제제의 허가 외 사용), 쓴맛이 날 수 있습니다. 반려동물이 정해진 용량을 모두 삼켰는지 확인하십시오.
  • ​부작용:​ 위장관 장애, 특히 심한 설사나 식욕 부진이 나타나는지 관찰하십시오. 이러한 증상이 나타나면 수의사에게 연락하십시오.
  • ​주사:​ 동물병원에서 주사를 맞은 경우, 주사 부위에 일시적인 통증이나 쓰라림이 있을 수 있습니다.

산업동물(소, 돼지) 보호자를 위한 안내

  • ​엄격한 휴약 기간:​
    • ​소:​ 근육 주사(IM) 후 28일, 피하 주사(SC) 후 38일(Nuflor Gold의 경우 44일).
    • ​돼지:​ 16일(음수 투여 시).
  • ​사용 제한:​ 20개월령 이상의 착유우에게는 절대 사용하지 마십시오. 송아지 고기(veal)로 가공될 송아지에게는 사용하지 마십시오.
  • ​주사 방법:​ 지육 손실을 방지하기 위해 주사는 반드시 목 부위에만 투여해야 합니다. 주사 부위당 권장 용량을 초과하지 마십시오.

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