푸라졸리돈

항균/항원충제 (니트로푸란계)

푸라졸리돈(Furazolidone)은 합성 **니트로푸란계(nitrofuran)** 항균 및 항원충제입니다. 역사적으로 소동물의 장관계 감염, 특히 **지알디아(Giardia)**, **콕시듐(Coccidia)** 및 다양한 장내 병원균(예: 캄필로박터, 살모넬라, 대장균)에 대한 2차 치료제로 사용되었습니다. > **임상 요점:** 많은 국가에서 인체용 상업 제품이 철수되었고, FDA가 식용 동물에 대한 허가 외 사용을 엄격히 금지하고 있어(니트로푸란계의 발암성 우려 때문), 현대 수의학 임상에서는 사용이 극히 드뭅니다. 지알디아증과 같은 장내 감염의 경우 펜벤다졸(fenbendazole)이나 메트로니다졸(metronidazole)과 같은 더 안전하고 구하기 쉬운 대체 약물이 현재 표준 치료로 선호됩니다.

작용 기전: Furazolidone acts as a prodrug. Inside susceptible organisms, it is reduced by **bacterial flavoproteins** (nitroreductases) → highly reactive intermediate compounds are formed → these intermediates cause severe oxidative damage to **ribosomal proteins, DNA, and RNA**, disrupting cellular metabolism and inhibiting protein synthesis. * **Antiprotozoal mechanism:** While not fully elucidated, it likely involves similar oxidative damage to essential protozoal enzymes. * **MAO Inhibition:** Furazolidone also acts as a **monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)** in the mammalian host, which can lead to significant drug and dietary interactions (e.g., with tyramine-rich foods or sympathomimetic drugs).

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Giardia · 4 mg/kg PO twice daily (q12h) · PO · q12h · 7-10 days · If re-treatment is required, elevated dosages or lengthened treatment regimens may provide better results.
Giardia · 4 mg/kg, PO twice daily (q12h) · PO · q12h · 7 days
Cystoisospora spp. · 8-20 mg/kg PO q12-24h · PO · q12-24h · 5 days
Coccidiosis · 8-20 mg/kg PO once daily · PO · q24h · 7 days
Giardiasis · 4 mg/kg PO q12h · PO · q12h · 5-10 days
Amebiasis · 2.2 mg/kg PO q8h · PO · q8h · 7 days
Amebic colitis · 2.2 mg/kg PO q8h · PO · q8h · 7 days
Coccidiosis · 8-20 mg/kg PO for one week · PO · Unknown · 1 week
Giardia · 4 mg/kg PO q12h · PO · q12h · 5 days

Horses

Susceptible infections · 4 mg/kg PO three times daily · PO · q8h

Dogs

Amebic colitis · 2.2 mg/kg PO q8h · PO · q8h · 7 days

투여 경로

POTopical

금기

Known hypersensitivity to furazolidone or other nitrofurans
Food-producing animals (FDA strictly prohibits extralabel use)
Pregnant queens (per some references)

이상반응

Anorexia
Vomiting
Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
Urine discoloration (dark yellow to brown)

약물 상호작용

Alcohol · May cause a disulfiram-like reaction.
Amitraz · Concurrent use not recommended due to MAO inhibition; dangerous hypertension could occur.
Buspirone · Concurrent use not recommended due to MAO inhibition; dangerous hypertension could occur.
Selegiline · Concurrent use not recommended due to MAO inhibition; dangerous hypertension could occur.
Sympathomimetic amines (phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, etc.) · Concurrent use not recommended due to MAO inhibition; dangerous hypertension could occur.
Tricyclic antidepressants · Concurrent use not recommended due to MAO inhibition; dangerous hypertension could occur.
High tyramine foods (fish, poultry) · Concurrent use not recommended due to MAO inhibition; dangerous hypertension could occur.

모니터링

Efficacy (stool exams for parasitic infections)

과용량

Moderate overdoses are unlikely to cause significant toxicity. Gut emptying may be considered for large overdoses.

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