글루카곤

호르몬제 / 항저혈당제

**글루카곤**은 취장의 알파2 세포에서 분비되는 폴리펩타이드 호르몬입니다. 수의학에서는 주로 인슐린종이나 인슐린 과다 투여로 인한 심각한 저혈당증 치료에 사용됩니다. 또한 젖소의 지방간 증후군 치료에도 잠재적인 효과가 있습니다.

작용 기전: Glucagon acts as a physiological antagonist to insulin, primarily targeting the liver to increase blood glucose levels. * Binds to specific **glucagon receptors (GPCRs)** on the surface of hepatocytes. * Activates **adenylate cyclase** → increases intracellular **cAMP** → activates **protein kinase A (PKA)**. * This cascade stimulates **glycogen phosphorylase** and inhibits glycogen synthase, leading to rapid **hepatic glycogenolysis** (breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose) and **gluconeogenesis**. * Also causes relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle through poorly understood mechanisms (likely cAMP-mediated).

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Hypoglycemic (neuroglycopenic) crises in patients with 'insulinomas' · Initially give a 50 ng/kg bolus IV and then administer at a constant rate infusion (CRI) using a suitable pump at a rate of 10-15 ng/kg/minute. May need to increase up to 40 ng/kg/min to maintain euglycemia. · IV · Bolus followed by CRI · 1 mg of glucagon is reconstituted per manufacturer directions and then added to 1000 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride; this results in a 1000 ng/mL solution. [Note: Some references state to not mix or dilute with saline solutions, but to use D5W only.]
Hypoglycaemia (Insulin overdose) · 50 ng/kg once followed by infusion of 10-15 ng/kg/min; may increase up to 40 ng/kg/min depending on blood glucose measurements · IV/IM · once, then continuous infusion · As needed based on blood glucose · Monitor blood glucose hourly

Cattle

Treatment of fatty liver in early lactation dairy cows older than 3.5 years · 5 mg glucagon in 60 mL of normal saline SC q8h (15 mg/day) · SC · q8h · 14 days

Dogs

Hypoglycemic (neuroglycopenic) crises in patients with 'insulinomas' · Initially give a 50 ng/kg bolus IV and then administer at a constant rate infusion (CRI) using a suitable pump at a rate of 10-15 ng/kg/minute. May need to increase up to 40 ng/kg/min to maintain euglycemia. · IV · Bolus followed by CRI · 1 mg of glucagon is reconstituted per manufacturer directions and then added to 1000 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride; this results in a 1000 ng/mL solution. [Note: Some references state to not mix or dilute with saline solutions, but to use D5W only.]
Refractory hypoglycemic patients with insulinoma · Give at an initial infusion rate of 5 ng/kg/min and increase as needed. · IV · CRI · Prepare solution as 1000 ng/mL.
Hypoglycaemia (Insulin overdose) · 50 ng/kg once followed by infusion of 10-15 ng/kg/min; may increase up to 40 ng/kg/min depending on blood glucose measurements · IV/IM · once, then continuous infusion · As needed based on blood glucose · Monitor blood glucose hourly

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

IVSCIM

금기

Pheochromocytoma
Normoglycemia
Pheochromocytoma (in humans)
Insulinoma (may stimulate insulin release)

이상반응

Nausea
Vomiting
Hypokalemia
Hypersensitivity reactions (very rare)
Vomiting (main adverse reaction reported in humans)
Anaphylaxis (rare)

약물 상호작용

Anticoagulants · May have their effects increased when glucagon is concurrently administered; this effect may be delayed. Monitor for bleeding and prothrombin activity.

모니터링

Blood glucose
Serum potassium (if used other than for acute treatment)
Blood glucose (hourly)
Serum potassium (if prolonged infusion)

과용량

Adverse effects seen with overdose include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastric hypotonicity and, possibly, hypokalemia. * Because glucagon's elimination half-life is so short (around 10 minutes in humans), treatment may not be necessary and would be symptomatic in nature. * If the patient is also receiving beta-blockers, greater increases in blood pressure and heart rate may be seen.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.