구아이페네신
Guaifenesin
Glyceryl guaiacolate
다른 이름: Guailaxin · Mucinex · Robitussin · Humibid · Organidin NR · Liquibid · Anhist · Hist-EQ · Glyceryl guaiacolate · GG · Glycerylguayacolum · Guaiacol glycerol ether · Guaiacyl glyceryl ether · Guaifenesina · Guaifenesinum · Guaiphenesin · Guajacolum glycerolatum
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle relaxation during certain toxicoses (e.g., strychnine) or tetanus | 110 mg/kg | IV | As needed | — | 🌎 NA |
| Chemical restraint for ventilatory support | Combination of guaifenesin 50 mg/mL, ketamine 1 mg/mL, and xylazine 0.25 mg/mL; give 0.55 mL bolus initially followed by 2.2 mL/kg/hr thereafter | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
소형 포유류
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Camelids: Using 'GKX' for induction/maintenance | Induce with 2.2 mL/kg IV. Maintain with approximately 2.2 mL/kg/hr IV | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
- Camelids: Using 'GKX' for induction/maintenance: Mix 1000 mL of 5% (50 mg/mL) guaifenesin with 1000 mg of ketamine ± 200 mg of xylazine.
말
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General anesthesia adjunct | 110 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Muscle relaxation in balanced anesthesia | A CRI of ketamine at 0.8-2.3 mg/kg/hr with guaifenesin at 18-60 mg/kg/hr | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
| Muscle relaxation in balanced anesthesia (alternative) | A CRI of ketamine 1 mg/kg/hr with medetomidine at 0.00125 mg/kg/hr and guaifenesin at 25 mg/kg/hr | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
| Augment muscle relaxation in field anesthesia | Approximately 25-50 mg/kg (250-500 mL of a 5% solution) | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Long-term IV (>30 minutes) anesthesia using 'GKX' or 'triple drip' | Typically the CRI runs at 1.5-2.2 mL/kg/hr depending on the procedure, patient response and ketamine concentration | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
| Long-term IV anesthesia using 'GKD' | The CRI runs at 0.8 mL/kg/hr for the first hour and 0.6 mL/kg/hour for the final 30 minutes | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
| Equine intravenous anesthesia (normal healthy patients) | Generally a total dose of 30-50 mg/kg | IV | Rapid infusion | — | 🌎 NA |
| Equine intravenous anesthesia (compromised patients) | Generally a total dose of 30-50 mg/kg | IV | Slow administration | — | 🌎 NA |
| Adjunctive symptomatic treatment of strychnine poisoning | 110 mg/kg | IV | Repeated as necessary | — | 🌎 NA |
- General anesthesia adjunct: Give first 1/3-1/2 of dose until horse falls gently, then give remainder unless respiratory or cardiovascular effects are observed.
- Muscle relaxation in balanced anesthesia: May reduce MAC requirements by 50%.
- Muscle relaxation in balanced anesthesia (alternative): May reduce MAC requirements by 50%.
- Augment muscle relaxation in field anesthesia: For horses that are too light or too tense after alpha-2 agonist + ketamine ± diazepam induction.
- Long-term IV (>30 minutes) anesthesia using 'GKX' or 'triple drip': Guaifenesin (50 mg/mL), ketamine (1-2 mg/mL), and xylazine (0.5 mg/mL).
- Long-term IV anesthesia using 'GKD': Guaifenesin (100 mg/mL), ketamine (4 mg/mL), and detomidine (0.04 mg/mL).
- Equine intravenous anesthesia (normal healthy patients): Administered after xylazine sedation, followed by ketamine.
- Equine intravenous anesthesia (compromised patients): Administered after modest xylazine dose, followed by reduced ketamine dose.
소
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | 55-110 mg/kg | IV | Once | — | 🌎 NA |
양
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Using 'GKX' for induction/maintenance | Induce with 2.2 mL/kg IV. Maintain with approximately 2.2 mL/kg/hr IV | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
| Using 'GKX' | Administer at a rate of 2-4 mL/kg | IV | Once then slowed | — | 🌎 NA |
- Using 'GKX' for induction/maintenance: Mix 1000 mL of 5% (50 mg/mL) guaifenesin with 1000 mg of ketamine ± 0-100 mg of xylazine.
- Using 'GKX': Given rapidly until animal is recumbent and then slowed to maintain desired anesthesia plane.
염소
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Using 'GKX' for induction/maintenance | Induce with 2.2 mL/kg IV. Maintain with approximately 2.2 mL/kg/hr IV | IV | CRI | — | 🌎 NA |
| Using 'GKX' | Administer at a rate of 2-4 mL/kg | IV | Once then slowed | — | 🌎 NA |
- Using 'GKX' for induction/maintenance: Mix 1000 mL of 5% (50 mg/mL) guaifenesin with 1000 mg of ketamine ± 0-100 mg of xylazine.
- Using 'GKX': Given rapidly until animal is recumbent and then slowed to maintain desired anesthesia plane.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
구아이페네신(글리세릴 구아이아콜레이트 또는 GG로도 알려짐)은 이중 목적의 약리학적 제제입니다. 수의학에서는 주로 대동물의 짧은 마취 절차(30-60분) 동안 흥분 없는 유도 및 회복을 촉진하기 위한 주사용 근이완제로 사용됩니다.
- 마취 보조제: 횡격막 기능을 손상시키지 않으면서 골격근 이완을 제공합니다.
- 경구용 거담제: 점액을 묽게 하여 호흡기 질환을 관리하기 위해 인의 및 수의학 모두에서 사용되지만, 임상적 효능에 대한 결정적인 증거는 여전히 논쟁의 여지가 있습니다.
임상 요점: 구아이페네신은 그 자체로 마취제가 아닙니다. 마취 전 투약 및 마취제의 활성을 강화하므로 균형 마취 프로토콜(예: "트리플 드립" 또는 GKX)에 사용해야 합니다. 가벼운 내인성 진통 및 진정 효과가 있습니다.
작용 기전
- Muscle Relaxation: Acts centrally by depressing or blocking nerve impulse transmission at the internuncial neuron level of the subcortical areas of the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord → selective relaxation of skeletal muscles (including laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, easing intubation) while sparing respiratory muscles.
- Expectorant Action: Believed to stimulate gastric vagal receptors → triggers efferent parasympathetic reflexes → increases respiratory tract fluid volume and decreases mucus viscosity → facilitates removal of secretions via ciliary action and coughing.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Concurrent use with physostigmine
- Concentrations greater than 5% in ruminants (due to hemolysis risk)
부작용
- Mild hypotensive effect
- Increase in cardiac rate
- Thrombophlebitis (IV administration)
- Perivascular tissue reaction
- Hemolysis (especially in ruminants with >5% solutions)
- Increased gastrointestinal motility
주의
Warning: Avoid giving ruminants concentrations of guaifenesin greater than 5% as hemolysis can occur.
- Use of physostigmine is contraindicated.
- May cause transient mild decreases in blood pressure and increases in cardiac rate.
- Perivascular administration may cause tissue reaction; thrombophlebitis has been reported after IV injection.
- Availability of the injectable form is currently an issue; compounding may be required.
약물 상호작용
Contraindicated in horses receiving guaifenesin; exact interaction mechanism not elucidated by manufacturer.
Theoretically contraindicated based on the physostigmine interaction.
모니터링
- Level of muscle relaxation
- Cardiac rate
- Respiratory rate
약동학
반감기
흡수
Rapid following IV administration. Recumbency usually occurs within 2 minutes and light restraint persists for about 6 minutes. Muscle relaxation persists for 10-20 minutes after a single dose.
분포
Reportedly crosses the placenta, but adverse effects in newborns have not been described.
대사
Conjugated in the liver.
배설
Excreted into the urine.
과다투여
- Margin of Safety: Reportedly 3 times the usual dose.
- Clinical Signs: Apneustic breathing, nystagmus, hypotension, and contradictory muscle rigidity are associated with toxic levels.
- Toxicity Reports: In dogs receiving 415-830 mg/kg, signs included hypothermia, mild tremors, ataxia, and vomiting. In cats receiving 132 mg/kg, signs included lethargy and anorexia.
- Treatment: No specific antidote is available. Treatment is entirely supportive until the drug is cleared to sub-toxic levels.
제품
제형
- Injection
- Oral tablets
- Oral granules
- Syrup/Liquid
- Oral powder
동물용의약품
- Guaifenesin Injection 50 mg/mL in 500 mL & 1000 mL (Availability may be limited; compounding often required)
- Anhist® Powder (with pyrilamine)
- Hist-EQ® Powder (with pyrilamine)
- Spect-Aid® (with potassium iodide, ammonium chloride)
- Spec-Tuss® (with potassium iodide, ammonium chloride)
인용의약품
- Guaifenesin Oral Tablets: 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, 1200 mg (Organidin NR®, Liquibid®, Mucinex®, Humibid®)
- Guaifenesin Oral Granules: 50 mg/packet, 100 mg/packet (Mucinex® Mini-Melts)
- Guaifenesin Syrup/Liquid: 100 mg/5mL, 200 mg/5mL (Robitussin®, Mucinex for Kids®, Diabetic Tussin®)
규제 현황
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇪🇺 EU · 🇬🇧 UK · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Stable in light and heat (less than melting point). Store in well-closed containers. Aqueous solutions may precipitate at temperatures <22°C (72°F); slight warming and agitation generally resolubilizes the drug. Fresh preparation is recommended, though a 10% solution in sterile water may be stored at room temperature for up to one week.
보호자 정보
- 마취 용도: 수술에 사용될 때, 이 약물은 동물이 이완하고 마취에서 부드럽게 회복하도록 돕기 위해 수의료진에 의해 정맥으로 투여됩니다.
- 경구 기침/호흡기 용도: 경구용 거담제로 처방된 경우, 반려동물이 충분한 신선한 물을 마실 수 있도록 하십시오. 수분 공급은 호흡기 분비물을 묽게 하는 데 매우 중요합니다.
- 부작용: 지시대로 사용하면 일반적으로 매우 안전합니다. 경구로 투여할 경우 가벼운 무기력증이나 위장 장애(예: 개의 구토)가 있는지 관찰하십시오.
참고: 수의사의 명시적인 승인 없이 사람용 일반의약품 기침약을 반려동물에게 주지 마십시오. 자일리톨이나 울혈 제거제와 같은 독성 첨가물이 포함되어 있는 경우가 많습니다.
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