하이드로코돈

오피오이드 작용제 / 진해제

하이드로코돈은 페난트렌 유도체 **오피오이드 작용제**로, 수의학에서는 주로 개의 강력한 **진해제(기침 억제제)**로 사용됩니다. * **주요 적응증:** 기관 허탈, 기관지염 또는 개 전염성 기관기관지염(켄넬코프)과 관련된 심하고 건조한 기침의 관리. * **행동 치료:** 외인성 오피오이드를 제공하여 자가 자극 행동을 줄임으로써 오피오이드 관련 행동 문제(예: 핥음 육아종, 상동증)를 치료하는 데 간혹 사용됩니다. * **진통 작용:** 아세트아미노펜이 포함된 복합제는 개의 중등도 경구 진통제로 사용할 수 있습니다. > **중대한 경고:** 아세트아미노펜이 포함된 복합제(예: Vicodin®, Lortab®)는 치명적인 아세트아미노펜 독성을 유발하므로 **고양이에게 절대 사용해서는 안 됩니다**.

작용 기전: Hydrocodone acts primarily by binding to **mu-opioid receptors** in the central nervous system. * **Antitussive Effect:** Direct suppression of the cough reflex at the **cough center** in the **medulla oblongata**. * **Analgesic Effect:** Binds to pre- and post-synaptic **mu-receptors** in the brain and spinal cord → inhibits release of nociceptive neurotransmitters (like Substance P) → hyperpolarizes neurons → decreases excitability and pain transmission. * **Respiratory Effects:** Tends to have a drying effect on respiratory mucosa, increasing the viscosity of secretions. The addition of homatropine methylbromide (an anticholinergic) in some formulations enhances this drying effect.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

For adjunctive treatment of opioid-related stereotypies · 1.25-5 mg per cat PO q12h · PO · q12h · Do NOT use any product that contains acetaminophen.

Dogs

For cough · 0.22 mg/kg PO q6-12h · PO · q6-12h · Goal is to suppress coughing without causing excessive sedation
As an analgesic using fixed dose combination products with acetaminophen · 0.22-0.5 mg/kg of the hydrocodone component PO q8-12h · PO · q8-12h · Do not exceed 15 mg/kg of the acetaminophen component q8h.
For cough using Hycodan (or equivalent) · ¼ to 1 tablet (5 mg) once to 4 times daily · PO · q6-24h · In small and medium sized dogs.
For lick granulomas · 5-10 mg (1-2 tablets) per 20 kg of body weight PO three times daily · PO · TID
For adjunctive treatment of opioid-related stereotypies, lick granuloma · 0.22-0.25 mg/kg PO q8-12h · PO · q8-12h · Supplies exogenous opioids to decrease the need for self-stimulation.

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

금기

Hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics
Patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs, e.g., selegiline)
Diarrhea caused by toxic ingestion (until toxin is eliminated)
Acetaminophen-containing products MUST NOT be used in cats

이상반응

Sedation
Constipation (especially with chronic therapy)
Vomiting
Gastrointestinal disturbances
Masking of clinical signs of underlying respiratory disease

약물 상호작용

Acepromazine · May cause additive hypotension in dogs with collapsing trachea
Anticholinergic Drugs · May cause additive anticholinergic effects
Antidepressants (Tricyclic & MAOIs) · May potentiate the adverse effects associated with the antidepressant
CNS Depressants (anesthetics, antihistamines, phenothiazines, barbiturates, tranquilizers) · May cause increased CNS or respiratory depression

모니터링

Clinical efficacy (reduction in cough frequency/severity, pain relief)
Adverse effects (excessive sedation, constipation, respiratory depression)

과용량

Massive overdose primarily causes **CNS, cardiovascular, and respiratory depression** secondary to opiate effects. * **Treatment:** If ingestion was recent, empty the gut using standard protocols. Administer **naloxone** to reverse opioid effects as necessary. * **Note on Homatropine:** The homatropine ingredient in some formulations may cause anticholinergic effects, but its relatively low toxicity usually does not require specific treatment.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.