하이드록시우레아

항종양제

**하이드록시우레아(Hydroxyurea)**는 수의학에서 주로 골수증식성 질환을 치료하는 데 사용되는 경구용 **항종양제**(항암제)입니다. 주요 적응증: * **진성 적혈구증가증**: 과도한 적혈구 생성을 감소시킵니다. * **만성 골수성 백혈병(CML)**: 환자가 부설판(busulfan)에 더 이상 반응하지 않을 때 자주 사용됩니다. * **비만세포종**. * **심혈관 단락**: 우좌단락 동맥관개존증(PDA) 또는 팔로네징후에서 적혈구 용적률을 낮추고 과점성 증후군을 완화하기 위한 보조 요법으로 사용됩니다. * **고양이 호산구증가 증후군** 및 **개 수막종**의 보조 치료. > **임상 팁**: 이 약은 항암제이므로 우발적인 노출을 방지하기 위해 수의학 직원과 반려동물 보호자 모두 엄격한 취급 주의사항을 준수해야 합니다.

작용 기전: Hydroxyurea is an **S-phase specific** antimetabolite. * It specifically inhibits the enzyme **ribonucleotide reductase** → blocks the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides → halts **DNA synthesis** without significantly interfering with RNA or protein synthesis. * Cells are arrested at the **G1-S border**. * It also inhibits **urease** (though less potently than acetohydroxamic acid) and can stimulate the production of fetal hemoglobin.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Polycythemia vera; chronic myelogenous leukemia · 25 mg/kg · PO · 3 times per week
Polycythemia vera · 10-15 mg/kg · PO · twice daily · Initially; once the hematocrit is below 60% give every other day.
Polycythemia vera · 30 mg/kg · PO · once daily · for one week · Then 15 mg/kg once daily until remission; then taper to lowest effective frequency by monitoring hematocrit. Cats must be monitored more frequently than dogs.

Dogs

Polycythemia vera; chronic myelogenous leukemia · 50 mg/kg · PO · 3 times per week
Polycythemia vera · 20-25 mg/kg · PO · twice daily · Initially; once the hematocrit is below 60% give every other day.
Polycythemia vera · 30 mg/kg · PO · once daily · for one week · Then 15 mg/kg once daily until remission; then taper to lowest effective frequency by monitoring hematocrit.
Polycythemia vera · 50-80 mg/kg · PO · every 3 days
Chronic myelogenous leukemia · 50 mg/kg · PO · q24h · for 1-2 weeks · Then every other day.

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

금기

Pre-existing severe anemia or bone marrow depression
History of urate stones
Current severe infection
Impaired renal function
Patients who have recently received other chemotherapy or radiotherapy
Pregnancy (proven teratogen)

이상반응

Bone marrow depression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
GI effects (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea)
Stomatitis
Sloughing of nails
Alopecia
Dysuria
Pulmonary fibrosis
Methemoglobinemia (especially in cats at high doses >500 mg)

약물 상호작용

Bone marrow depressant drugs (e.g., chloramphenicol, flucytosine, amphotericin B, colchicine, other antineoplastics) · May cause additive myelosuppression when used concurrently with hydroxyurea.
Allopurinol · Hydroxyurea may raise serum uric acid levels; allopurinol may be required to control hyperuricemia.

모니터링

CBC with platelets at least every 1-2 weeks until stable; then every 3 months
BUN/Serum Creatinine initially before starting treatment and then every 3-4 months
Hematocrit levels (to guide tapering of dose)

과용량

Because of the potential toxicity of the drug, overdoses should be treated aggressively with gut emptying protocols employed when possible. **Cats** given hydroxyurea in doses greater than 500 mg (total) may develop **methemoglobinemia** (characterized by cyanosis, respiratory distress, and dark-colored blood). Contact an animal poison control center for further guidance.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.