히드록시진
Hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride, Hydroxyzine pamoate
다른 이름: Atarax · Vistaril · Masmoran · Ucerax · Hydroxyzine embonate · Hydroxyzine pamoate · Hydroxyzine HCl · Hydroxyzini HCl · Hydroxyzine hydrochloride
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
감사 완료 v13 용량 근거
구조화 용량 계산 근거Antipruritic/antihistamine (extra-label)
- q8-12h
NA
반드시 함께 고려할 임상 맥락 (2)
- ■ This medicine may be given with or without food. If your animal drools, vomits, or acts sick after receiving this medicine on an empty stomach, give with food or a small treat to see if this helps.
- Hydroxyzine oral products should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers at room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F-77°F). Hydroxyzine injection should be stored protected from light at room temperature 20°C to 25°C (68°F-77°F) with excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F-86°F). Avoid freezing all liquid products.
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
히드록시진은 수의학에서 널리 사용되는 1세대 피페라진계 항히스타민제입니다. 주로 항소양 및 항히스타민 특성으로 처방되며, 개와 고양이의 아토피 피부염, 벼룩 알레르기 피부염 및 기타 알레르기 질환 관리에 필수적인 약물입니다.
혈액뇌장벽(BBB)을 통과하기 때문에 진정 및 안정 효과도 제공하여 불안하거나 가려움증이 심해 자해를 하는 동물에게 매우 유익할 수 있습니다. 고양이의 경우 진경 및 경미한 항불안 특성으로 인해 빈번하게 재발하는 특발성 하부 요로 질환(FLUTD)을 관리하는 데 때때로 사용됩니다.
작용 기전
Hydroxyzine acts as a competitive antagonist at H1-receptors on effector cells.
- Histamine Blockade: Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites → prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and capillary permeability. Note: It does not inhibit the release of histamine from mast cells, but antagonizes its effects.
- CNS Effects: Readily crosses the blood-brain barrier → binds to central H1 receptors → causes sedation and tranquilization.
- Additional Properties: Exhibits anticholinergic, antispasmodic, local anesthetic, mild bronchodilative, and antiemetic activities.
- Metabolism Pearl: In vivo, hydroxyzine is metabolized in the liver to its active metabolite, cetirizine, which contributes significantly to its prolonged antihistaminic effects.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine or its metabolites (e.g., cetirizine)
- Known hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine or cetirizine
- Early pregnancy (teratogenic in some animal models)
부작용
- Sedation (most common, usually mild and transient in dogs)
- Hyperexcitability (occasional paradoxical reaction)
- Fine rapid tremors (dogs)
- Whole body tremors (dogs)
- Seizures (rare in dogs)
- Polydipsia (cats)
- Depression (cats)
- Behavioral changes (cats)
- Sedation / Lethargy
- Dry mouth
- Urinary retention
- Gastrointestinal upset
- Paradoxical excitation (rare)
주의
Use with caution in patients with prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, severe cardiac failure, angle-closure glaucoma, or pyeloduodenal obstruction due to its anticholinergic effects.
Pregnancy Warning: At doses substantially greater than those used therapeutically, hydroxyzine has been shown to be teratogenic in lab animals. Use during pregnancy (particularly during the first trimester) only when the benefits outweigh the risks (FDA Category C). It is unknown if hydroxyzine enters maternal milk, but its active metabolite cetirizine does.
약물 상호작용
Additive anticholinergic effects may occur when used concomitantly.
Additive CNS depression may be seen.
Hydroxyzine may inhibit or reverse the vasopressor effects of epinephrine; use norepinephrine or metaraminol instead.
Additive CNS depression and sedation
모니터링
- Efficacy (reduction in pruritus or clinical signs)
- Adverse effects (degree of sedation, excitability, or behavioral changes)
- Resolution of pruritus or allergic signs
- Adverse anticholinergic effects (e.g., monitoring urination)
약동학
반감기
흡수
Rapidly and well absorbed after oral administration.
분포
Readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is unknown if hydroxyzine enters maternal milk, but its active metabolite cetirizine has been detected in milk.
대사
Apparently metabolized in the liver (to its active metabolite, cetirizine).
배설
Effects generally persist for 6-8 hours in dogs and up to 12 hours in cats.
과다투여
Overdoses would be expected to cause increased sedation and perhaps hypotension. At high doses, fine rapid tremors and rarely seizures have been reported.
Common clinical signs of toxicity in dogs include:
- Hyperthermia
- Lethargy
- Tachycardia
- Trembling / Tremors
- Ataxia
- Somnolence
Treatment: There are no specific antidotes available. Gut emptying protocols should be considered with large or unknown quantity overdoses. Supportive and symptomatic treatment is recommended if necessary.
제품
제형
- Oral Tablets
- Oral Syrup
- Injection
- Oral Capsules
- Oral Suspension
- 10 mg tablet
- 25 mg tablet
- 2 mg/ml syrup
인용의약품
- Hydroxyzine HCl Oral Tablets: 10 mg, 25 mg, & 50 mg
- Hydroxyzine HCl Oral Syrup: 10 mg/5 mL
- Hydroxyzine HCl Injection: 25 mg/mL & 50 mg/mL
- Hydroxyzine Pamoate Oral Capsules: 25 mg, 50 mg, & 100 mg
- Hydroxyzine Pamoate Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL
- Atarax 10 mg tablets
- Atarax 25 mg tablets
- Ucerax 2 mg/ml syrup
규제 현황
Classified as POM (Prescription Only Medicine).
Classified as POM (Prescription Only Medicine).
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Hydroxyzine oral products should be stored at room temperature in tight, light-resistant containers. Avoid freezing all liquid products.
보호자 정보
- 졸음 발생 가능성: 약물 복용을 시작할 때 반려동물이 졸려 하거나 무기력해 보일 수 있습니다. 이는 정상적인 반응이지만, 너무 심하다고 생각되면 수의사에게 문의하세요.
- 사역견 주의사항: 이 약물은 사역견, 사냥견 또는 안내견의 활동 능력과 주의력을 저하시킬 수 있습니다.
- 꾸준한 복용이 중요: 항히스타민제는 알레르기가 심해진 후 치료하는 것보다 알레르기 악화를 '예방'하기 위해 꾸준히 투여할 때 가장 효과가 좋습니다.
- 알레르기 검사: 반려동물이 피내 알레르기 검사를 받을 예정이라면 검사 3~7일 전에 이 약의 복용을 중단해야 합니다. 정확한 시기는 수의사와 상담하세요.
- 이중 투여 금지: 약을 먹이는 것을 잊은 경우 생각났을 때 먹이되, 절대 한 번에 두 배의 용량을 먹이지 마세요.
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