이미도카브
Imidocarb
Imidocarb dipropionate
다른 이름: Imizol · Imidocarb dipropionate · Imidocarb hydrochloride · 4A65 · Imidocarbum
VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료
6.6 mg/kgIM or SC· repeat dose in 2 weeks
— 🐕
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
동물 종별 용량
🌎 NA — North America🌍 EU — Europe
개
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | 6.6 mg/kg | IM or SC | repeat dose in 2 weeks | — | 🌎 NA |
| Babesiosis | 5-6.6 mg/kg | IM or SC | repeat in 14 days | — | 🌎 NA |
| Ehrlichiosis (Severe cases) | 5 mg/kg | SC | single injection or two injections 15 days apart | — | 🌎 NA |
| Hepatozoonosis (H. canis) | 5 mg/kg | IM or SC | every 14 days | until parasitemia clears | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of Babesia canis infection | 6.6 mg/kg | IM/SC | once, repeated in 2-3 weeks | 2 doses total | 🌍 EU |
- Babesiosis: Alternatively, 7.5 mg/kg IM or SC once. A single dose of 6 mg/kg the day following a dose of diminazene at 3.5 mg/kg has also been shown to clear the infection.
- Ehrlichiosis (Severe cases): Given with doxycycline at 10 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Note: Imidocarb alone is not effective in clearing E. canis.
- Hepatozoonosis (H. canis): Usually 1-2 injections are sufficient.
- Treatment of Babesia canis infection: Dose based on imidocarb dipropionate (121.15 mg/ml). Premedication with atropine (0.05 mg/kg) to minimize side effects is highly recommended.
고양이
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytauxzoon felis | 3-4 mg/kg | IM | repeated 7 days after initial dose | — | 🌎 NA |
| Cytauxzoon felis | 5 mg/kg | IM | once and then 14 days later | — | 🌎 NA |
| Feline hemoplasmosis (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M. haemominutum) | 5 mg/kg | IM, SC | every 14 days | until able to maintain a normal PCV | 🌎 NA |
| Feline clinical ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis | 5 mg/kg | IM | every 14 days | for at least 2-4 treatments | 🌎 NA |
| Treatment of large babesial species infection | 2.5 mg/kg | IM | once | 1 dose | 🌍 EU |
- Cytauxzoon felis: Efficacy not proven. Cholinergic effects can be mitigated by pre-treating with atropine. Must also give supportive therapy (IV fluids, prophylactic heparin, nutritional/nursing care, analgesia, and potentially transfusion).
- Feline hemoplasmosis (Mycoplasma haemofelis, M. haemominutum): Alternative for cats intolerant of doxycycline.
- Feline clinical ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis: Alternative to doxycycline.
- Treatment of large babesial species infection: Dose based on imidocarb dipropionate. Can improve clinical signs. Alternative agents are preferable for smaller species (e.g., B. felis).
말
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi; Babesia equi) | 2.2 mg/kg | IM | once | — | 🌎 NA |
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi) | 2 mg/kg | IM | once a day | for 2 days | 🌎 NA |
| Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi) | 4 mg/kg | IM | at 72 hour intervals | for 4 doses | 🌎 NA |
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi; Babesia equi): Will generally allow clinical signs to subside.
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi): To eliminate B. caballi.
- Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi): B. equi is more difficult to eliminate.
양
| 적응증 | 용량 | 경로 | 빈도 | 기간 | 지역 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Babesiosis | 1.2 mg/kg | IM | repeat in 10-14 days | — | 🌎 NA |
용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.
개요
이미도카브(Imidocarb)는 수의학에서 진드기 매개 원충 감염 치료에 주로 사용되는 디아미딘계 항원충제입니다.
주요 임상 적용:
- 바베시아증(Babesiosis): 개 바베시아(Babesia canis) 및 말과 양의 바베시아 종에 대해 높은 효과를 보입니다.
- 세포주혈원충증(Cytauxzoonosis): 고양이의 Cytauxzoon felis 감염 치료에 사용되며, 종종 종합 치료 프로토콜의 일부로 활용됩니다.
- 기타 용도: 에를리히아, 헤파토준 및 고양이 혈구마이코플라스마의 대체 또는 보조 치료제로 사용되기도 합니다.
임상 팁: 개 바베시아에는 매우 효과적이지만, 깁슨 바베시아(B. gibsoni)에 대한 효과는 일반적으로 떨어집니다. 아메리카 헤파토준의 피낭 단계는 제거하지 못합니다.
작용 기전
Imidocarb acts by directly targeting the nucleic acids of susceptible protozoal organisms.
- It binds to and intercalates with DNA → causing the double helix to unwind and denature.
- This structural damage → inhibits cellular repair and replication → leading to parasite death.
- Mechanistic Note: As a diamidine derivative, it may also interfere with polyamine synthesis and function, further disrupting the parasite's metabolic pathways.
안전성·주의사항
금기사항
- Intravenous (IV) administration
- Patients exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs
- Patients exposed to pesticides or certain chemicals
부작용
- Pain and inflammation at the injection site (rarely ulceration)
- Salivation (drooling)
- Nasal drip/discharge
- Vomiting (usually brief)
- Panting
- Diarrhea
- Restlessness
- Lacrimation and sweating (horses)
- Severe renal tubular or hepatic necrosis (rare)
- Injection site inflammation (mild to severe, potential ulceration)
- Anaphylactoid reactions (reported in cattle)
주의
Important Warnings
- Do NOT administer intravenously (IV).
- Premedication: In cats, puppies, and debilitated dogs, pretreatment with an antimuscarinic agent (e.g., atropine or glycopyrrolate) is strongly advised to mitigate cholinergic side effects.
- Organ Dysfunction: Use with caution in patients with impaired lung, hepatic, or renal function; weigh risks versus benefits.
- Species Sensitivities: Donkeys appear to be particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of imidocarb.
- Reproductive Safety: Safety in puppies, pregnant, lactating, or breeding animals has not been established.
약물 상호작용
Cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs (e.g., pyridostigmine)
Increased risk of severe cholinergic toxicity; concurrent use is contraindicated.
Pesticides and chemicals
May exacerbate cholinergic adverse effects and toxicity.
AnticholinesterasesMajor
Increased risk of severe cholinergic toxicity
모니터링
- Clinical efficacy (resolution of parasitemia and clinical signs)
- Adverse effect profile (cholinergic signs, injection site reactions)
- Creatine kinase (CK) levels (may be significantly increased post-IM injection)
- Liver and kidney function (especially in cases of suspected overdose or pre-existing disease)
- Resolution of clinical signs of babesiosis (fever, anemia, lethargy)
- Blood smears or PCR to confirm parasite clearance
- Injection site for signs of inflammation, necrosis, or ulceration
- Immediate post-injection monitoring for cholinergic crisis
약동학
반감기
고양이Unknown개Prolonged (exact duration varies)
흡수
No specific information available in the monograph.
분포
No specific information available in the monograph.
대사
No specific information available in the monograph.
배설
No specific information available in the monograph.
과다투여
Acute Toxicity & Overdose Signs:
- Dogs: At 1.5X the labeled dose (9.9 mg/kg), dogs exhibited signs of liver injury (mildly elevated liver enzymes), pain/swelling at the injection site, and vomiting.
- General Overdose/Chronic Toxicity: Presents primarily with severe cholinergic signs (vomiting, weakness, lethargy, excessive salivation) or adverse changes in liver, kidney, lung, or intestinal function.
- Horses: The reported LD-50 is 16 mg/kg.
Treatment:
- Atropine or other antimuscarinics may be highly useful to treat the cholinergic signs associated with imidocarb toxicity.
- Provide symptomatic and supportive care for organ dysfunction.
제품
제형
- Injection (120 mg/mL)
- Injectable solution: 85 mg/ml imidocarb base (equivalent to 121.15 mg/ml imidocarb dipropionate)
동물용의약품
- Imidocarb Dipropinate for IM or SC Injection: 120 mg/mL in 10 mL multi-dose vials (Imizol®)
- Imizol 85 mg/ml solution for injection (121.15 mg/ml imidocarb dipropionate)
규제 현황
European Union✓ 승인됨처방전의약품EMA
🐄 Cattle
투여 중단 기간: cattle meat 213 days · cattle milk 21 days
Licensed primarily for cattle; used off-label in dogs and cats under the cascade.
United Kingdom✓ 승인됨처방전의약품 · POM-VVMD
🐄 Cattle
투여 중단 기간: cattle meat 213 days · cattle milk 21 days
Licensed primarily for cattle; used off-label in dogs and cats under the cascade.
규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU
보관·안정성
Store between 2°-25°C (36°-77°F) and protect from light.
보호자 정보
중요 : 이 약물은 수의사가 주사로만 투여합니다.
- 목적: 심각한 혈액 기생충 감염(예: 바베시아 또는 사이토준)을 치료하기 위해 처방됩니다.
- 예상되는 반응: 주사 시 상당한 통증이 있을 수 있습니다. 주사 직후 침 흘림, 콧물, 헐떡임 또는 일시적인 구토가 나타날 수 있습니다. 이는 잘 알려진 흔한 반응이며 보통 빠르게 사라집니다.
- 주의사항: 반려동물이 최근 벼룩/진드기 구제용 약욕, 농약에 노출된 적이 있거나 다른 약물(특히 신경계에 영향을 미치는 약물)을 복용 중이라면 심각한 부작용 위험이 증가할 수 있으므로 반드시 수의사에게 즉시 알려야 합니다.
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