이오헥솔

방사선 조영제 / 사구체 여과율(GFR) 마커

**이오헥솔(Iohexol)**은 수의학에서 방사선 영상 검사 및 **사구체 여과율(GFR)**을 평가하는 정밀한 마커로 널리 사용되는 비이온성 저삼투압 조영제(LOCM)입니다. * **영상 검사**: 척수 조영술, 배설성 요로 조영술, 혈관 조영술 및 위장관 검사에서 우수한 방사선 불투과성을 제공합니다. * **안전성**: 과거의 고삼투압 이온성 조영제(예: 디아트리조에이트)와 비교할 때 이오헥솔은 삼투압이 현저히 낮습니다. 이로 인해 혈역학적 부작용이 적고 내피세포 및 적혈구 손상이 감소하며 주사 시 통증이나 작열감이 줄어듭니다. * **신장 기능 검사**: 신장에서 자유롭게 여과되며 분비되거나 재흡수되지 않기 때문에 그 청소율이 이눌린과 매우 유사합니다. 혈장 및 소변에서 매우 안정적이어서 표준 마커(BUN, 크레아티닌)가 충분히 민감하지 않을 때 초기 신장 질환을 발견하기 위한 이상적이고 실용적이며 비용 효율적인 마커입니다.

작용 기전: * **Radiographic Contrast**: Iohexol contains **organic iodine** atoms that absorb X-rays via the **photoelectric effect** → increases the radiopacity of the fluid or structure it fills → allows clear delineation of adjacent tissues on radiographs or CT scans. * **GFR Marker**: Iohexol has negligible protein binding (<1%) and is freely filtered by the **glomerulus** → it is neither secreted nor reabsorbed by the renal tubules → nearly 100% is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours. By measuring the rate of plasma disappearance over time, clinicians can accurately calculate the **glomerular filtration rate (GFR)**.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Estimate GFR (single sample method) · 90 mg iodine content/kg in non-azotemic animals and 45 mg iodine content/kg in azotemic animals · IV · Single dose · Samples drawn at 120 min to assess validity of single-sample method.
Contrast agent for suspected GI perforation · 1:3 dilution of iohexol 240 at 10 mL/kg of body weight · PO · Single dose · Best administered via nasogastric/nasoesophageal tube.

Birds

Contrast agent (GI abnormalities, transit time) · estimated crop volume of 25-30 mL/kg. Iohexol may be diluted 1:1 with water · PO · Single dose · Administered directly into the crop by gavage. Retrograde administration directly into the cloaca may help evaluate cloacal abnormalities. Preferred over barium if perforation is suspected.

Dogs

Estimate GFR (2-4 sample method) · 129-658 mg/kg · IV · Single dose · Given over a minute. Lower doses may result in plasma concentrations too low for accurate analysis.
Estimate GFR (single sample method) · 90 mg iodine content/kg in non-azotemic animals and 45 mg iodine content/kg in azotemic animals · IV · Single dose · Samples drawn at 120 min to assess validity of single-sample method.
Contrast agent for suspected GI perforation · 700-875 mg Iodine/kg, 10 mL/kg · PO · Single dose · Best administered via orogastric tube. Radiographs obtained immediately, then at 15, 30, and 60 minutes.

용량은 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 참고 자료입니다. 항상 최신 라벨과 개별 환자에 대해 확인하십시오.

투여 경로

IVIntra-arterialIntrathecalIntracavitaryPOCloacal (birds)

금기

Prior hypersensitivity reaction to iohexol or iodine-containing products

이상반응

Hypersensitivity reactions (rare)
Nephrotoxicity (slight risk)
Pain or heat sensation at injection site (less common than with ionic agents)

약물 상호작용

Drugs that prolong QTc interval (e.g., amiodarone, cisapride, procainamide, quinidine, sotalol, dolasetron, moxifloxacin) · May cause additive prolongation of the QTc interval, though iohexol causes less prolongation than diatrizoate.
Iodine Isotopes · May alter binding to thyroid tissue for up to two weeks, affecting certain thyroid treatments or scans.
Phenothiazines · May increase the risk for lowering the seizure threshold, especially when iohexol is used intrathecally.

모니터링

Signs of hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis during and immediately after administration
Renal function (if pre-existing impairment exists)
Hydration status

과용량

Adverse effects of intravenous overdosage can be serious and life-threatening, primarily affecting the **pulmonary** and **cardiovascular systems**. * **Clinical Signs**: Cyanosis, bradycardia, acidosis, pulmonary hemorrhage, convulsions, coma, and cardiac arrest. * **Treatment**: Treatment is entirely supportive and symptomatic. Maintain airway, support ventilation, and manage cardiovascular collapse with appropriate fluids and vasopressors as needed.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.