철 덱스트란

주사용 조혈제 / 철분 보충제

철 덱스트란은 주로 신생 식용 동물(예: 자돈)의 **철 결핍성 빈혈** 치료 및 예방에 사용되는 주사용 조혈제입니다. 자돈은 태어날 때 철분 저장량이 적고 실내에서 사육될 경우 흙을 통해 철분을 섭취할 수 없으므로 빈혈 예방을 위해 조기 보충이 필수적입니다. 소동물 임상에서는 만성 신장 질환 환자가 **에리스로포이에틴(EPO)** 또는 다베포에틴 치료를 받을 때, 특히 경구용 철분제에 대한 내성이 떨어지거나 흡수가 불충분할 경우 보조 요법으로 자주 사용됩니다. > **임상 요점:** 철분 투여는 철 결핍으로 인한 신체적 증상과 헤모글로빈 감소를 교정하지만, 그 자체로 적혈구 생성을 자극하거나 다른 원인으로 인한 빈혈을 교정하지는 않습니다.

작용 기전: Iron is an essential structural component of **hemoglobin** and **myoglobin**, facilitating oxygen transport and utilization throughout the body. It also acts as a critical cofactor for multiple metabolic enzymes. * **Pathway:** IM Injection → Slow absorption via lymphatic system → Phagocytosis by reticuloendothelial system (RES) in liver, spleen, and bone marrow → Cleavage of iron from dextran → Iron binds to **transferrin** for transport → Incorporation into **hemoglobin** in bone marrow or stored as **ferritin** and **hemosiderin**. * **Key Enzymes:** Ionized iron is a vital component of **cytochrome oxidase**, **succinic dehydrogenase**, and **xanthine oxidase**.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Prevention of transient neonatal iron deficiency anemia · 50 mg iron dextran injection at 18 days of age · IM · once
Adjunctive therapy with erythropoietin treatment · 10 mg/kg IM every 3-4 weeks · IM · q3-4 weeks
Adjunctive therapy with erythropoietin treatment in cats who cannot tolerate oral iron therapy · 50 mg IM q3-4 weeks · IM · q3-4 weeks

Ferrets

General · 10 mg/kg IM once weekly · IM · weekly

Birds

Iron deficiency anemia or following hemorrhage · 10 mg/kg IM; repeat in 7-10 days if PCV fails to return to normal · IM · once, repeat in 7-10 days if needed
Iron deficiency anemia or following hemorrhage · 10 mg/kg IM; repeat weekly · IM · weekly

Swine

Prevention of iron deficiency anemia in baby pigs (2-4 days of age) · Administer an initial intramuscular injection of 100 mg of elemental iron to each animal at 2 to 4 days of age. Dosage may be repeated in 14 to 21 days. · IM · once, repeat in 14-21 days

Dogs

Iron deficiency anemia · 10-20 mg/kg once, followed by oral therapy with ferrous sulfate · IM · once · Followed by oral therapy with ferrous sulfate

투여 경로

금기

Known hypersensitivity to iron dextran
Any anemia other than iron deficiency anemia
Acute renal infections
Concurrent use with oral iron supplements

이상반응

Prostration and muscular weakness (pigs)
Anaphylactoid reactions (rarely fatal)
Nausea, vomiting, and sudden death within 1 hour (in pigs born to Vitamin E/Selenium deficient sows)
Muscle tissue staining at injection site (in pigs >4 weeks old)
Injection site sarcomas (associated with large SC doses in laboratory animals)

약물 상호작용

Chloramphenicol · May delay the response to iron administration; avoid using chloramphenicol in patients with iron deficiency anemia

모니터링

CBC (Complete Blood Count)
RBC indices (MCV, MCHC)
Adverse reactions (especially post-injection anaphylaxis)
Serum iron (Note: values may not be meaningful for up to 3 weeks post-injection)

과용량

Inadvertent overdose injections may lead to iron toxicity, which can cause severe gastrointestinal mucosal damage, cardiovascular collapse, and liver failure. Depending on the size of the dose, chelation therapy may be required. **Deferoxamine** is the specific chelating agent used for severe iron toxicity.

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