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이소플루란

Isoflurane

1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether

전신 마취제, 흡입형InhalationInhalational개고양이소형 포유류페렛새파충류

다른 이름: Isoflo · Iso-Thesia · Forane · Isosol · Terrell · Isoba · Isocare · Isofane · Isoflurane Vet · Vetflurane · compound 469 · isofluranum · AErrane · Forene · Forenium · Forthane · Isoforine · Isothane · Lisorane · Sofloran · Tensocold · Zuflax

VetSheet 수의사 팀 검수업데이트 2026년 4월 5일근거 기반 수의학 참고자료

감사 완료 v13 용량 근거

검토된 비계산 근거
검토된 비계산 근거 (3)

근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가

Green iguanas/15–35 min loss of righting reflex; mean MAC, 1.62%; pH 7.49

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Isoflurane. Dosage: 5% via chamber in 5 L/min O2129. Species/Comments: Green iguanas/15–35 min loss of righting reflex; mean MAC, 1.62%; pH 7.49.

via chamber
고위험인증된 수의사 확인 필요drug_regimen프로토콜 2019감사 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가

Bearded dragons/trend toward shorter induction and recovery with 21% O2 group compared with use of 100% O2

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Isoflurane. Dosage: 3% in 100% O2 and 21% O2248. Species/Comments: Bearded dragons/trend toward shorter induction and recovery with 21% O2 group compared with use of 100% O2.

고위험인증된 수의사 확인 필요drug_regimen프로토콜 2019감사 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

근거 표시 전용 — 자동 계산 불가

Most species/inhalation anesthetic of choice in reptiles; induction, 6–20 min; recovery, 30–60 min; not as smooth in reptiles compared with other animals; intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation advisable; may preanesthetize with low dose propofol, ketamine, etc.

TABLE 127.5. Agent: Isoflurane. Dosage: 3%–5% induction,147 1%–3% maintenance37. Species/Comments: Most species/inhalation anesthetic of choice in reptiles; induction, 6–20 min; recovery, 30–60 min; not as smooth in reptiles compared with other animals; intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation advisable; may preanesthetize with low dose propofol, ketamine, etc..

고위험인증된 수의사 확인 필요drug_regimen프로토콜 2019감사 dose-audit-mader-reviewed-v1

용량은 수의사 전문가를 위한 임상 참고자료입니다. 반드시 최신 약물 정보 및 개별 환자에 따라 확인하시기 바랍니다.

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개요

이소플루란은 수의학에서 널리 사용되는 ​흡입 전신 마취제​입니다.

주요 임상적 특징:

  • ​심혈관계 안전성​: 할로탄과 같은 구형 약물에 비해 심근 억제 및 카테콜아민 민감화 작용이 적습니다.
  • ​장기 안전성​: 간 대사가 거의 없어(약 0.17%), 기존 간 또는 신장 질환이 있는 환자에게 안전한 선택입니다.
  • ​임상 요점​: 세보플루란과 같은 최신 약물이 마취 심도 조절이 더 빠르고 마스크 유도가 부드럽지만, 이소플루란은 수의 마취에서 여전히 신뢰할 수 있고 비용 효율적인 기본 약물입니다.

작용 기전

The exact mechanism of inhalant anesthetics remains partially understood, but they are believed to act on the lipid matrix of neuronal membranes and interact with various ligand-gated ion channels (e.g., GABA_A receptors) in the brain and spinal cord.

Key physiological effects:

  • CNS: Reversible depression, altered temperature regulation, increased cerebral blood flow.
  • Cardiovascular: Dose-dependent hypotension (primarily via vasodilation rather than direct myocardial depression).
  • Respiratory: Dose-dependent respiratory depression.

​MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration)​ values: Dog = 1.5%; Cat = 1.2%; Horse = 1.31%.

안전성·주의사항

금기사항

  • History or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia
  • Known susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia

부작용

  • Dose-related hypotension
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Ileus
  • Minimal cardiodepression
  • Rare arrhythmias
  • Dose-dependent hypotension (due to vasodilation, particularly in skeletal muscle)
  • Dose-dependent respiratory depression
  • Arrhythmias (less arrhythmogenic than halothane, but possible under certain conditions)
  • Hypothermia

주의

Use with caution in patients with increased CSF pressure, head injury, or myasthenia gravis. Because of respiratory depressant effects, intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) may be required, particularly in horses, which increases overdose risks. Isoflurane is irritating to the respiratory system and is not recommended for mask induction. May be fetotoxic; use cautiously during pregnancy.

약물 상호작용

Aminoglycosides

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur

ACE Inhibitors or Hypotensive Agents

Concomitant use may increase risks for profound hypotension

Lincosamides

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur

Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking AgentsModerate

Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur

Succinylcholine

May induce increased incidences of cardiac effects (bradycardia, arrhythmias) and malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients

Sympathomimetics (dopamine, epinephrine, etc.)

May result in arrhythmias, though isoflurane sensitizes the myocardium less than halothane. Use with caution and intensive monitoring.

Sedatives (e.g., alpha-2 agonists, phenothiazines)Moderate

Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction).

Opioid agonistsModerate

Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction).

Nitrous Oxide (N2O)Moderate

Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia.

모니터링

  • Respiratory and ventilatory status
  • Cardiac rate and rhythm
  • Blood pressure (particularly in 'at risk' patients)
  • Level of anesthesia
  • Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (capnography/ETCO2 recommended)
  • Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
  • Blood pressure (Doppler or oscillometric)
  • Oxygen saturation (Pulse oximetry/SpO2)
  • Body temperature
  • Anaesthetic depth (eye position, palpebral reflex, jaw tone)

약동학

반감기

고양이Rapid (minutes for alveolar washout)개Rapid (minutes for alveolar washout)

흡수

Rapidly absorbed from the alveoli.

분포

Rapidly distributed into the CNS and crosses the placenta.

대사

Only about 0.17% is metabolized in the liver; very small amounts of inorganic fluoride are formed.

배설

The vast majority of the drug is eliminated unchanged via the lungs.

과다투여

Overdose risks are increased with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Profound hypotension may occur, which usually responds to IV fluids but may require the use of vasopressors.

제품

제형

  • Liquid for inhalation
  • Inhalational liquid: 250 ml bottle

동물용의약품

  • Isoflurane Inhalation Anesthetic: 99.9%/mL in 100 mL and 250 mL bottles (Isoflo, Isosol, Iso-Thesia, generic)
  • Isoba 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • Isocare 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • Isofane 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • IsoFlo 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • Isoflurane Vet 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid
  • Vetflurane 100% w/w inhalation vapour, liquid

인용의약품

  • Isoflurane Liquid for inhalation in 100 mL & 250 mL (Forane, Terrell, generic)
  • Isoflurane 100% inhalation vapour, liquid

규제 현황

European Union✓ 승인됨처방전의약품EMA
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats🐴 Horses pigs🐦 Birds

투여 중단 기간: pigs meat 2 days · horses meat 2 days

POM-V classification.

United Kingdom✓ 승인됨처방전의약품VMD
🐕 Dogs🐈 Cats🐴 Horses pigs🐦 Birds

투여 중단 기간: pigs meat 2 days · horses meat 2 days

POM-V classification.

규제 데이터 없음: 🇺🇸 US · 🇭🇰 HK · 🇹🇼 TW · 🇯🇵 JP · 🇰🇷 KR · 🇦🇺 AU

보관·안정성

Store at room temperature in a tight, light-resistant container. It is relatively unaffected by exposure to light. Isoflurane does not attack aluminum, brass, tin, iron, or copper.

보호자 정보

이소플루란은 동물병원에서 수의학 전문가가 투여하는 마취 가스입니다.

  • ​마취 후 관리​: 시술 후 12~24시간 동안 반려동물이 몽롱해하거나 비틀거릴 수 있으며, 기도 삽관으로 인해 가벼운 기침을 할 수 있습니다.
  • ​급여​: 수의사의 다른 지시가 없는 한, 구역질을 방지하기 위해 처음에는 소량의 물과 사료만 제공하십시오.
  • ​모니터링​: 완전히 회복될 때까지 조용하고 안전하며 따뜻한 환경에서 반려동물을 보호해 주십시오.

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