이소플루란

전신 마취제, 흡입형

이소플루란은 수의학에서 널리 사용되는 **흡입 전신 마취제**입니다. 주요 임상적 특징: - **심혈관계 안전성**: 할로탄과 같은 구형 약물에 비해 심근 억제 및 카테콜아민 민감화 작용이 적습니다. - **장기 안전성**: 간 대사가 거의 없어(약 0.17%), 기존 간 또는 신장 질환이 있는 환자에게 안전한 선택입니다. - **임상 요점**: 세보플루란과 같은 최신 약물이 마취 심도 조절이 더 빠르고 마스크 유도가 부드럽지만, 이소플루란은 수의 마취에서 여전히 신뢰할 수 있고 비용 효율적인 기본 약물입니다.

작용 기전: The exact mechanism of inhalant anesthetics remains partially understood, but they are believed to act on the **lipid matrix of neuronal membranes** and interact with various ligand-gated ion channels (e.g., **GABA_A receptors**) in the brain and spinal cord. Key physiological effects: - **CNS**: Reversible depression, altered temperature regulation, increased cerebral blood flow. - **Cardiovascular**: Dose-dependent hypotension (primarily via **vasodilation** rather than direct myocardial depression). - **Respiratory**: Dose-dependent respiratory depression. > **MAC (Minimum Alveolar Concentration)** values: Dog = 1.5%; Cat = 1.2%; Horse = 1.31%.

동물 종별 용량

Cats

Anesthesia · 5% induction; 1.5-2.5% maintenance · Inhalation · Continuous · As needed · Concentrations are dependent upon fresh gas flow rate
Anesthesia · 0.5-3%, inhaled · Inhalation · Continuous · As needed
Maintenance of surgical anaesthesia · MAC is approximately 1.6% · Inhalational · Continuous · Duration of surgery · Adjust based on individual requirement and premedication.

Ferrets

Anesthesia · Starting isoflurane at 1-2% · Inhalation · Continuous · As needed · After premed with medetomidine. Use a non-rebreathing system.

Birds

Anesthesia · 4% · Inhalation · Continuous · As needed · Small birds can be anesthetized safely in 15-30 seconds
Anesthesia · Induction occurs within 1-2 minutes at a concentration of 3-5%. Maintenance at 1.5-2% · Inhalation · Continuous · As needed · Anesthetic of choice for birds. Recovery is very rapid.

SmallMammals

Anesthesia (Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Hamsters, Guinea pigs, Chinchillas) · Induction: 2-3%, maintenance: 0.25-2% · Inhalation · Continuous · As needed · Using a non-rebreathing system

Reptiles

투여 경로

InhalationInhalational

금기

History or predilection towards malignant hyperthermia
Known susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia

이상반응

Dose-related hypotension
Respiratory depression
Nausea and vomiting
Ileus
Minimal cardiodepression
Rare arrhythmias
Dose-dependent hypotension (due to vasodilation, particularly in skeletal muscle)
Dose-dependent respiratory depression
Arrhythmias (less arrhythmogenic than halothane, but possible under certain conditions)
Hypothermia

약물 상호작용

Aminoglycosides · Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur
ACE Inhibitors or Hypotensive Agents · Concomitant use may increase risks for profound hypotension
Lincosamides · Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur
Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents · Additive neuromuscular blockade may occur · moderate
Succinylcholine · May induce increased incidences of cardiac effects (bradycardia, arrhythmias) and malignant hyperthermia in susceptible patients
Sympathomimetics (dopamine, epinephrine, etc.) · May result in arrhythmias, though isoflurane sensitizes the myocardium less than halothane. Use with caution and intensive monitoring.
Sedatives (e.g., alpha-2 agonists, phenothiazines) · Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction). · moderate
Opioid agonists · Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia (MAC reduction). · moderate
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) · Reduces the concentration of isoflurane required to achieve surgical anaesthesia. · moderate

모니터링

Respiratory and ventilatory status
Cardiac rate and rhythm
Blood pressure (particularly in 'at risk' patients)
Level of anesthesia
Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth (capnography/ETCO2 recommended)
Heart rate and rhythm (ECG)
Blood pressure (Doppler or oscillometric)
Oxygen saturation (Pulse oximetry/SpO2)
Body temperature
Anaesthetic depth (eye position, palpebral reflex, jaw tone)

과용량

Overdose risks are increased with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Profound hypotension may occur, which usually responds to IV fluids but may require the use of vasopressors.

VetSheet 약물 레퍼런스는 면허 수의 전문가를 위한 임상 의사결정 보조 도구이며, 전문적 판단이나 제조사의 최신 라벨을 대신하지 않습니다.